分布式文檔存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之MongoDB備份與恢復(fù)的實(shí)踐詳解

更新時(shí)間：2020年11月17日 09:07:36 作者：Linux-1874

這篇文章主要介紹了分布式文檔存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之MongoDB備份與恢復(fù),本文給大家介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或工作具有一定的參考借鑒價(jià)值，需要的朋友可以參考下

　　前文我們聊了下分布式文檔存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之MongoDB訪問(wèn)控制，回顧請(qǐng)參考http://dhdzp.com/article/199848.htm；今天我們來(lái)了解下mongodb的備份與恢復(fù)

　　為什么要備份？

　　備份的目的是對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)做冗余的一種方式，它能夠讓我們?cè)谀撤N情況下保證最少數(shù)據(jù)的丟失；之前我們對(duì)mongodb做副本集也是對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)做冗余，但是這種在副本集上做數(shù)據(jù)冗余僅僅是針對(duì)系統(tǒng)故障或服務(wù)異常等一些非人為的故障發(fā)生時(shí)，保證數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)的可用性；它不能夠避免人為的誤操作；為了使得數(shù)據(jù)的安全，將數(shù)據(jù)損失降低到最小，我們必須對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)周期性的做備份；

　　常用備份方法

　　提示：上圖主要描述了mongodb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)上常用備份策略，我們可以邏輯備份，邏輯備份是將數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出成語(yǔ)句，通常使用專用工具導(dǎo)出和導(dǎo)入來(lái)完成一次備份與恢復(fù)；其次我們也可以物理備份，簡(jiǎn)單講物理備份就是把數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件打包，備份；恢復(fù)時(shí)直接將對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件解壓恢復(fù)即可；另外一種快速物理備份的方式就是給數(shù)據(jù)拍快照，拍快照可以將數(shù)據(jù)保存為當(dāng)前拍快照時(shí)的狀態(tài)；如果我們要進(jìn)行恢復(fù)直接恢復(fù)快照即可；

　　mongodb邏輯備份和物理備份比較

　　提示：從上圖描述可以看出總體上來(lái)看物理備份效率和恢復(fù)效率要高于邏輯；物理備份效率高于邏輯備份，其主要原因是邏輯備份是通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)接口將數(shù)據(jù)讀取出來(lái)，然后保存為對(duì)應(yīng)格式的文件，而物理備份只需要將數(shù)據(jù)文件直接打包備份，不需要一條一條的讀取數(shù)據(jù)，然后寫(xiě)入到其他文件，這中間就省去了讀寫(xiě)過(guò)程，所以物理備份效率高；恢復(fù)也是類似的過(guò)程，物理恢復(fù)也是省去了讀寫(xiě)的過(guò)程；

　　mongodb邏輯備份工具

　　在mongodb中使用邏輯備份的工具有兩組，第一組是mongodump/mongorestore，使用mongodump/mongorestore這組工具來(lái)邏輯的備份數(shù)據(jù)，它備份出來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)是BSON格式，BSON是一種二進(jìn)制格式，通常無(wú)法使用文本編輯器直接打開(kāi)查看其內(nèi)容，對(duì)人類的可讀性較差，但它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是保存的文件體積要小；使用這組命令導(dǎo)出的數(shù)據(jù)，在恢復(fù)是依賴mongodb版本,不同版本導(dǎo)出的BSON格式略有不同，所以恢復(fù)時(shí)，可能存在版本不同而導(dǎo)致恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)失敗的情況；另外一組是mongoexport/mongoimport，這組工具導(dǎo)出的數(shù)據(jù)是json格式的數(shù)據(jù)，通常我們可以使用文本編輯器打開(kāi)直接查看，對(duì)人類的可讀性較好，但體積相對(duì)BSON格式的數(shù)據(jù)要大，恢復(fù)時(shí)不依賴版本；所以跨版本備份要先查看下對(duì)應(yīng)版本的兼容性，如果兼容使用mongodump/mongorestore，不兼容的話建議使用mongoexport/mongoimport；這里需要注意一點(diǎn)，JSON格式雖然可讀性很好，也很通用，但是它只是保留了數(shù)據(jù)部分，而沒(méi)有保留索引，賬戶等基礎(chǔ)信息，在使用是應(yīng)該注意；

　　使用mongodump備份數(shù)據(jù)

　　插入數(shù)據(jù)

> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> for(i=1;i<=1000;i++) db.test.insert({id:i,name:"test"+i,age:(i%120),classes:(i%25)})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show tables
test
> db.test.findOne()
{
 "_id" : ObjectId("5fb130da012870b3c8e3c4ad"),
 "id" : 1,
 "name" : "test1",
 "age" : 1,
 "classes" : 1
}
> db.test.count()
1000
>

　　備份所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

[root@node11 ~]# mongodump -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -o ./node12_mongodb_full_backup
2020-11-15T21:47:45.439+0800 writing admin.system.users to node12_mongodb_full_backup/admin/system.users.bson
2020-11-15T21:47:45.442+0800 done dumping admin.system.users (4 documents)
2020-11-15T21:47:45.443+0800 writing admin.system.version to node12_mongodb_full_backup/admin/system.version.bson
2020-11-15T21:47:45.447+0800 done dumping admin.system.version (2 documents)
2020-11-15T21:47:45.448+0800 writing testdb.test to node12_mongodb_full_backup/testdb/test.bson
2020-11-15T21:47:45.454+0800 done dumping testdb.test (1000 documents)
[root@node11 ~]# ls
node12_mongodb_full_backup
[root@node11 ~]# ll node12_mongodb_full_backup/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 128 Nov 15 21:47 admin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 49 Nov 15 21:47 testdb
[root@node11 ~]# tree node12_mongodb_full_backup/
node12_mongodb_full_backup/
├── admin
│ ├── system.users.bson
│ ├── system.users.metadata.json
│ ├── system.version.bson
│ └── system.version.metadata.json
└── testdb
 ├── test.bson
 └── test.metadata.json
 
2 directories, 6 files
[root@node11 ~]#

　　提示：-u用于指定用戶，-p指定對(duì)應(yīng)用戶的密碼，-h指定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)地址，--authenticationDatabase 指定驗(yàn)證用戶和密碼對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) -o指定要存放備份文件的目錄名稱；

　　只備份單個(gè)testdb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

[root@node11 ~]# mongodump -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d testdb -o ./node12_testdb
2020-11-15T21:53:36.523+0800 writing testdb.test to node12_testdb/testdb/test.bson
2020-11-15T21:53:36.526+0800 done dumping testdb.test (1000 documents)
[root@node11 ~]# tree ./node12_testdb
./node12_testdb
└── testdb
 ├── test.bson
 └── test.metadata.json
 
1 directory, 2 files
[root@node11 ~]#

　　提示：-d用戶指定要備份的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名稱；

　　只備份testdb下的test集合

[root@node11 ~]# mongodump -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d testdb -c test -o ./node12_testdb_test-collection
2020-11-15T21:55:48.217+0800 writing testdb.test to node12_testdb_test-collection/testdb/test.bson
2020-11-15T21:55:48.219+0800 done dumping testdb.test (1000 documents)
[root@node11 ~]# tree ./node12_testdb_test-collection
./node12_testdb_test-collection
└── testdb
 ├── test.bson
 └── test.metadata.json
 
1 directory, 2 files
[root@node11 ~]#

　　提示：-c用于指定要備份的集合（collection）名稱；

　　壓縮備份testdb庫(kù)

[root@node11 ~]# mongodump -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d testdb --gzip -o ./node12_mongodb_testdb-gzip
2020-11-15T22:00:52.268+0800 writing testdb.test to node12_mongodb_testdb-gzip/testdb/test.bson.gz
2020-11-15T22:00:52.273+0800 done dumping testdb.test (1000 documents)
[root@node11 ~]# tree ./node12_mongodb_testdb-gzip
./node12_mongodb_testdb-gzip
└── testdb
 ├── test.bson.gz
 └── test.metadata.json.gz
 
1 directory, 2 files
[root@node11 ~]#

　　提示：可以看到使用壓縮，只需要加上--gzip選項(xiàng)即可，備份出來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)就是.gz后綴結(jié)尾的壓縮文件；

　　壓縮備份testdb庫(kù)下的test集合

[root@node11 ~]# mongodump -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d testdb -c test --gzip -o ./node12_mongodb_testdb-test-gzip
2020-11-15T22:01:31.492+0800 writing testdb.test to node12_mongodb_testdb-test-gzip/testdb/test.bson.gz
2020-11-15T22:01:31.500+0800 done dumping testdb.test (1000 documents)
[root@node11 ~]# tree ./node12_mongodb_testdb-test-gzip
./node12_mongodb_testdb-test-gzip
└── testdb
 ├── test.bson.gz
 └── test.metadata.json.gz
 
1 directory, 2 files
[root@node11 ~]#

　　使用mongorestore恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)

　　在node12上刪除testdb

> db
testdb
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "testdb", "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
>

　　全量恢復(fù)所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

[root@node11 ~]# mongorestore -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin --drop ./node12_mongodb_full_backup
2020-11-15T22:07:35.465+0800 preparing collections to restore from
2020-11-15T22:07:35.467+0800 reading metadata for testdb.test from node12_mongodb_full_backup/testdb/test.metadata.json
2020-11-15T22:07:35.475+0800 restoring testdb.test from node12_mongodb_full_backup/testdb/test.bson
2020-11-15T22:07:35.486+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-11-15T22:07:35.486+0800 finished restoring testdb.test (1000 documents, 0 failures)
2020-11-15T22:07:35.486+0800 restoring users from node12_mongodb_full_backup/admin/system.users.bson
2020-11-15T22:07:35.528+0800 1000 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.
[root@node11 ~]#

　提示：--drop用于指定，恢復(fù)是如果對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)或者colleciton存在，則先刪除然后在恢復(fù)，這樣做的目的是保證恢復(fù)的數(shù)據(jù)和備份的數(shù)據(jù)一致；

　　驗(yàn)證：登錄192.168.0.52：27017查看對(duì)應(yīng)testdb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是否恢復(fù)？

[root@node11 ~]# mongo -utom -p123456 192.168.0.52:27017/admin
MongoDB shell version v4.4.1
connecting to: mongodb://192.168.0.52:27017/admin?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("af96cb64-a2a4-4d59-b60a-86ccbbe77e3e") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.1
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
 https://docs.mongodb.com/
Questions? Try the MongoDB Developer Community Forums
 https://community.mongodb.com
---
The server generated these startup warnings when booting:
 2020-11-15T20:42:23.774+08:00: ***** SERVER RESTARTED *****
 2020-11-15T20:42:29.198+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
 2020-11-15T20:42:29.198+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
---
---
 Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display
 metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).
 
 The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you
 and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product
 improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.
 
 To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()
 To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()
---
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
testdb 0.000GB
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> show collections
test
> db.test.count()
1000
> db.test.findOne()
{
 "_id" : ObjectId("5fb130da012870b3c8e3c4ad"),
 "id" : 1,
 "name" : "test1",
 "age" : 1,
 "classes" : 1
}
>

　　恢復(fù)單個(gè)庫(kù)

　　刪除testdb庫(kù)

> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
testdb 0.000GB
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "testdb", "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
>

　使用mongorestore恢復(fù)testdb庫(kù)

[root@node11 ~]# mongorestore -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d testdb --drop ./node12_testdb/testdb/
2020-11-15T22:29:03.718+0800 The --db and --collection flags are deprecated for this use-case; please use --nsInclude instead, i.e. with --nsInclude=${DATABASE}.${COLLECTION}
2020-11-15T22:29:03.718+0800 building a list of collections to restore from node12_testdb/testdb dir
2020-11-15T22:29:03.719+0800 reading metadata for testdb.test from node12_testdb/testdb/test.metadata.json
2020-11-15T22:29:03.736+0800 restoring testdb.test from node12_testdb/testdb/test.bson
2020-11-15T22:29:03.755+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-11-15T22:29:03.755+0800 finished restoring testdb.test (1000 documents, 0 failures)
2020-11-15T22:29:03.755+0800 1000 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.
[root@node11 ~]# mongo -utom -p123456 192.168.0.52:27017/admin
MongoDB shell version v4.4.1
connecting to: mongodb://192.168.0.52:27017/admin?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("f5e73939-bb87-4d45-bf80-9ff1e7f6f15d") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.1
---
The server generated these startup warnings when booting:
 2020-11-15T20:42:23.774+08:00: ***** SERVER RESTARTED *****
 2020-11-15T20:42:29.198+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
 2020-11-15T20:42:29.198+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
---
---
 Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display
 metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).
 
 The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you
 and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product
 improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.
 
 To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()
 To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()
---
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
testdb 0.000GB
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> show tables
test
> db.test.count()
1000
> db.test.findOne()
{
 "_id" : ObjectId("5fb130da012870b3c8e3c4ad"),
 "id" : 1,
 "name" : "test1",
 "age" : 1,
 "classes" : 1
}
>

　　恢復(fù)單個(gè)集合

　　刪除testdb下的test集合

> db
testdb
> show collections
test
> db.test.drop()
true
> show collections
>

　　使用mongorestore恢復(fù)testdb下的test集合

[root@node11 ~]# mongorestore -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d testdb -c test --drop ./node12_testdb_test-collection/testdb/test.bson
2020-11-15T22:36:15.615+0800 checking for collection data in node12_testdb_test-collection/testdb/test.bson
2020-11-15T22:36:15.616+0800 reading metadata for testdb.test from node12_testdb_test-collection/testdb/test.metadata.json
2020-11-15T22:36:15.625+0800 restoring testdb.test from node12_testdb_test-collection/testdb/test.bson
2020-11-15T22:36:15.669+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-11-15T22:36:15.669+0800 finished restoring testdb.test (1000 documents, 0 failures)
2020-11-15T22:36:15.669+0800 1000 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.
[root@node11 ~]# mongo -utom -p123456 192.168.0.52:27017/admin      MongoDB shell version v4.4.1
connecting to: mongodb://192.168.0.52:27017/admin?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("27d15d9e-3fdf-4efc-b871-1ec6716e51e3") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.1
---
The server generated these startup warnings when booting:
 2020-11-15T20:42:23.774+08:00: ***** SERVER RESTARTED *****
 2020-11-15T20:42:29.198+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
 2020-11-15T20:42:29.198+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
---
---
 Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display
 metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).
 
 The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you
 and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product
 improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.
 
 To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()
 To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()
---
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
testdb 0.000GB
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> show collections
test
> db.test.count()
1000
> db.test.findOne()
{
 "_id" : ObjectId("5fb130da012870b3c8e3c4ad"),
 "id" : 1,
 "name" : "test1",
 "age" : 1,
 "classes" : 1
}
>

　使用壓縮文件恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

　　刪除testdb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

> db
testdb
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "testdb", "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
>

　　使用mongorestore工具加載壓縮文件恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

[root@node11 ~]# mongorestore -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d testdb --gzip --drop ./node12_mongodb_testdb-gzip/testdb/
2020-11-15T22:39:55.313+0800 The --db and --collection flags are deprecated for this use-case; please use --nsInclude instead, i.e. with --nsInclude=${DATABASE}.${COLLECTION}
2020-11-15T22:39:55.313+0800 building a list of collections to restore from node12_mongodb_testdb-gzip/testdb dir
2020-11-15T22:39:55.314+0800 reading metadata for testdb.test from node12_mongodb_testdb-gzip/testdb/test.metadata.json.gz
2020-11-15T22:39:55.321+0800 restoring testdb.test from node12_mongodb_testdb-gzip/testdb/test.bson.gz
2020-11-15T22:39:55.332+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-11-15T22:39:55.332+0800 finished restoring testdb.test (1000 documents, 0 failures)
2020-11-15T22:39:55.332+0800 1000 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.
[root@node11 ~]# mongo -utom -p123456 192.168.0.52:27017/admin      MongoDB shell version v4.4.1
connecting to: mongodb://192.168.0.52:27017/admin?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("73d98c33-f8f7-40e3-89bd-fda8c702e407") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.1
---
The server generated these startup warnings when booting:
 2020-11-15T20:42:23.774+08:00: ***** SERVER RESTARTED *****
 2020-11-15T20:42:29.198+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
 2020-11-15T20:42:29.198+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
---
---
 Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display
 metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).
 
 The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you
 and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product
 improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.
 
 To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()
 To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()
---
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
testdb 0.000GB
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> show collections
test
> db.test.count()
1000
> db.test.findOne()
{
 "_id" : ObjectId("5fb130da012870b3c8e3c4ad"),
 "id" : 1,
 "name" : "test1",
 "age" : 1,
 "classes" : 1
}
>

　　提示：使用mongorestore恢復(fù)單個(gè)庫(kù)使用-d選線指定要恢復(fù)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，恢復(fù)單個(gè)集合使用-c指定集合名稱即可，以及使用壓縮文件恢復(fù)加上對(duì)應(yīng)的--gzip選項(xiàng)即可，總之，備份時(shí)用的選項(xiàng)在恢復(fù)時(shí)也應(yīng)當(dāng)使用對(duì)應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)，這個(gè)mongodump備份使用的選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有特別的不同；

　　使用mongoexport備份數(shù)據(jù)

　　新建peoples數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，并向peoples_info集合中插入數(shù)據(jù)

> use peoples
switched to db peoples
> for(i=1;i<=10000;i++) db.peoples_info.insert({id:i,name:"peoples"+i,age:(i%120),classes:(i%25)})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
peoples 0.000GB
testdb 0.000GB
> db.peoples_info.count()
10000
> db.peoples_info.findOne()
{
 "_id" : ObjectId("5fb13f35012870b3c8e3c895"),
 "id" : 1,
 "name" : "peoples1",
 "age" : 1,
 "classes" : 1
}
>

　　使用mongoexport工具peoples庫(kù)下的peoples_info集合

[root@node11 ~]# mongoexport -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d peoples -c peoples_info --type json -o ./peoples-peopels_info.json
2020-11-15T22:54:18.287+0800 connected to: mongodb://192.168.0.52:27017/
2020-11-15T22:54:18.370+0800 exported 10000 records
[root@node11 ~]# ll
total 1004
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1024609 Nov 15 22:54 peoples-peopels_info.json
[root@node11 ~]# head -n 1 peoples-peopels_info.json
{"_id":{"$oid":"5fb13f35012870b3c8e3c895"},"id":1.0,"name":"peoples1","age":1.0,"classes":1.0}
[root@node11 ~]#

　　提示：使用--type可以指定導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)文件的格式，默認(rèn)是json格式，當(dāng)然也可以指定csv格式；這里還需要注意mongoexport這個(gè)工具導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)必須要指定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和對(duì)應(yīng)集合，它不能直接對(duì)整個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)下的所有集合做導(dǎo)出；只能單個(gè)單個(gè)的導(dǎo)；

　　導(dǎo)出csv格式的數(shù)據(jù)文件

[root@node11 ~]# mongoexport -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d peoples -c peoples_info --type csv -o ./peoples-peopels_info.csv
2020-11-15T22:58:30.495+0800 connected to: mongodb://192.168.0.52:27017/
2020-11-15T22:58:30.498+0800 Failed: CSV mode requires a field list
[root@node11 ~]# mongoexport -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d peoples -c peoples_info --type csv -f id,name,age -o ./peoples-peopels_info.csv 
2020-11-15T22:59:26.090+0800 connected to: mongodb://192.168.0.52:27017/
2020-11-15T22:59:26.143+0800 exported 10000 records
[root@node11 ~]# head -n 1 ./peoples-peopels_info.csv
id,name,age
[root@node11 ~]# head ./peoples-peopels_info.csv 
id,name,age
1,peoples1,1
2,peoples2,2
3,peoples3,3
4,peoples4,4
5,peoples5,5
6,peoples6,6
7,peoples7,7
8,peoples8,8
9,peoples9,9
[root@node11 ~]#

　　提示：導(dǎo)出指定格式為csv時(shí)，必須用-f選項(xiàng)指定導(dǎo)出的字段名稱，分別用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；

　　將數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到node11的mongodb上

　　導(dǎo)入json格式數(shù)據(jù)

[root@node11 ~]# systemctl start mongod.service
[root@node11 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q  Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port  
LISTEN 0 128   *:22     *:*   
LISTEN 0 100  127.0.0.1:25     *:*   
LISTEN 0 128  127.0.0.1:27017     *:*   
LISTEN 0 128   :::22     :::*   
LISTEN 0 100   ::1:25     :::*   
[root@node11 ~]# ll
total 1200
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 198621 Nov 15 22:59 peoples-peopels_info.csv
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1024609 Nov 15 22:54 peoples-peopels_info.json
[root@node11 ~]# mongoimport -d testdb -c peoples_info --drop peoples-peopels_info.json
2020-11-15T23:05:03.004+0800 connected to: mongodb://localhost/
2020-11-15T23:05:03.005+0800 dropping: testdb.peoples_info
2020-11-15T23:05:03.186+0800 10000 document(s) imported successfully. 0 document(s) failed to import.
[root@node11 ~]#

　　提示：導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)可以任意指定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以及集合名稱；

　　驗(yàn)證：查看node11上的testdb庫(kù)下是否有peoples_info集合？集合中是否有數(shù)據(jù)呢？

[root@node11 ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version v4.4.1
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("4e3a00b0-8367-4b3a-9a77-e61d03bb1b3d") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.1
---
The server generated these startup warnings when booting:
 2020-11-15T23:03:39.669+08:00: ***** SERVER RESTARTED *****
 2020-11-15T23:03:40.681+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted
 2020-11-15T23:03:40.681+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
 2020-11-15T23:03:40.681+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
---
---
 Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display
 metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).
 
 The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you
 and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product
 improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.
 
 To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()
 To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()
---
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
testdb 0.000GB
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> show collections
peoples_info
> db.peoples_info.count()
10000
> db.peoples_info.findOne()
{
 "_id" : ObjectId("5fb13f35012870b3c8e3c895"),
 "id" : 1,
 "name" : "peoples1",
 "age" : 1,
 "classes" : 1
}
>

　　導(dǎo)入csv格式數(shù)據(jù)到node12上的testdb庫(kù)下的test1集合中去

[root@node11 ~]# mongoimport -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d testdb -c test1 --type csv --headerline --file ./peoples-peopels_info.csv
2020-11-15T23:11:42.595+0800 connected to: mongodb://192.168.0.52:27017/
2020-11-15T23:11:42.692+0800 10000 document(s) imported successfully. 0 document(s) failed to import.
[root@node11 ~]#

　提示：導(dǎo)入csv格式的數(shù)據(jù)需要明確指定類型為csv,然后使用--headerline指定不導(dǎo)入第一行列名，--file使用用于指定csv格式文件的名稱；

　　驗(yàn)證：登錄node12的mongodb，查看testdb庫(kù)下是否有test1集合？對(duì)應(yīng)集合是否有數(shù)據(jù)呢？

[root@node11 ~]# mongo -utom -p123456 192.168.0.52:27017/admin
MongoDB shell version v4.4.1
connecting to: mongodb://192.168.0.52:27017/admin?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("72a07318-ac04-46f9-a310-13b1241d2f77") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.1
---
The server generated these startup warnings when booting:
 2020-11-15T20:42:23.774+08:00: ***** SERVER RESTARTED *****
 2020-11-15T20:42:29.198+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
 2020-11-15T20:42:29.198+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
---
---
 Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display
 metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).
 
 The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you
 and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product
 improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.
 
 To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()
 To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()
---
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
peoples 0.000GB
testdb 0.000GB
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> show collections
test
test1
> db.test1.count()
10000
> db.test1.findOne()
{
 "_id" : ObjectId("5fb1452ef09b563b65405f7c"),
 "id" : 1,
 "name" : "peoples1",
 "age" : 1
}
>

　　提示：可以看到testdb庫(kù)下的test1結(jié)合就沒(méi)有classes字段信息了，這是因?yàn)槲覀儗?dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)沒(méi)有指定要導(dǎo)出classes字段，所以導(dǎo)入的數(shù)據(jù)當(dāng)然也是沒(méi)有classes字段信息；以上就是mongodump/mongorestore和mongoexport/mongoimport工具的使用和測(cè)試；

　　全量備份加oplog實(shí)現(xiàn)恢復(fù)mongodb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)到指定時(shí)間點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)

　　在mongodump備份數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，我們可以使用--oplog選項(xiàng)來(lái)記錄開(kāi)始dump數(shù)據(jù)到dump數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)束后的中間一段時(shí)間mongodb數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)生變化的日志；我們知道oplog就是用來(lái)記錄mongodb中的集合寫(xiě)操作的日志，類似mysql中的binlog;我們可以使用oplog將備份期間發(fā)生變化的數(shù)據(jù)一起恢復(fù)，這樣恢復(fù)出來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)才是我們真正備份時(shí)的所有數(shù)據(jù)；

　　模擬備份時(shí)，一邊插入數(shù)據(jù)，一邊備份數(shù)據(jù)

test_replset:PRIMARY> use testdb
switched to db testdb
test_replset:PRIMARY> for(i=1;i<=1000000;i++) db.test3.insert({id:i,name:"test3-oplog"+i,commit:"test3"+i})

　　在另外一邊同時(shí)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)做備份

[root@node11 ~]# rm -rf *
[root@node11 ~]# ll
total 0
[root@node11 ~]# mongodump -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin --oplog -o ./alldatabase
2020-11-15T23:51:40.606+0800 writing admin.system.users to alldatabase/admin/system.users.bson
2020-11-15T23:51:40.606+0800 done dumping admin.system.users (4 documents)
2020-11-15T23:51:40.607+0800 writing admin.system.version to alldatabase/admin/system.version.bson
2020-11-15T23:51:40.608+0800 done dumping admin.system.version (2 documents)
2020-11-15T23:51:40.609+0800 writing testdb.test1 to alldatabase/testdb/test1.bson
2020-11-15T23:51:40.611+0800 writing testdb.test3 to alldatabase/testdb/test3.bson
2020-11-15T23:51:40.612+0800 writing testdb.test to alldatabase/testdb/test.bson
2020-11-15T23:51:40.612+0800 writing peoples.peoples_info to alldatabase/peoples/peoples_info.bson
2020-11-15T23:51:40.696+0800 done dumping peoples.peoples_info (10000 documents)
2020-11-15T23:51:40.761+0800 done dumping testdb.test3 (54167 documents)
2020-11-15T23:51:40.803+0800 done dumping testdb.test (31571 documents)
2020-11-15T23:51:40.966+0800 done dumping testdb.test1 (79830 documents)
2020-11-15T23:51:40.972+0800 writing captured oplog to
2020-11-15T23:51:40.980+0800  dumped 916 oplog entries
[root@node11 ~]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 66 Nov 15 23:51 alldatabase
[root@node11 ~]# tree alldatabase/
alldatabase/
├── admin
│ ├── system.users.bson
│ ├── system.users.metadata.json
│ ├── system.version.bson
│ └── system.version.metadata.json
├── oplog.bson
├── peoples
│ ├── peoples_info.bson
│ └── peoples_info.metadata.json
└── testdb
 ├── test1.bson
 ├── test1.metadata.json
 ├── test3.bson
 ├── test3.metadata.json
 ├── test.bson
 └── test.metadata.json
 
3 directories, 13 files
[root@node11 ~]#

　　提示：可以看到現(xiàn)在備份就多了一個(gè)oplog.bson；

　　查看oplog.bson中第一行記錄的數(shù)據(jù)和第二行記錄的數(shù)據(jù)

[root@node11 ~]# ls
alldatabase
[root@node11 ~]# cd alldatabase/
[root@node11 alldatabase]# ls
admin oplog.bson peoples testdb
[root@node11 alldatabase]# bsondump oplog.bson > /tmp/oplog.bson.tmp
2020-11-15T23:55:04.801+0800 916 objects found
[root@node11 alldatabase]# head -n 1 /tmp/oplog.bson.tmp
{"op":"i","ns":"testdb.test3","ui":{"$binary":{"base64":"7PmE47CASOiQZt5sMGDZKw==","subType":"04"}},"o":{"_id":{"$oid":"5fb14e8c01fff06b2b50a2ac"},"id":{"$numberDouble":"54101.0"},"name":"test3-oplog54101","commit":"test354101"},"ts":{"$timestamp":{"t":1605455500,"i":1880}},"t":{"$numberLong":"1"},"wall":{"$date":{"$numberLong":"1605455500608"}},"v":{"$numberLong":"2"}}
[root@node11 alldatabase]# tail -n 1 /tmp/oplog.bson.tmp
{"op":"i","ns":"testdb.test3","ui":{"$binary":{"base64":"7PmE47CASOiQZt5sMGDZKw==","subType":"04"}},"o":{"_id":{"$oid":"5fb14e8c01fff06b2b50a63f"},"id":{"$numberDouble":"55016.0"},"name":"test3-oplog55016","commit":"test355016"},"ts":{"$timestamp":{"t":1605455500,"i":2795}},"t":{"$numberLong":"1"},"wall":{"$date":{"$numberLong":"1605455500961"}},"v":{"$numberLong":"2"}}
[root@node11 alldatabase]#

　　提示：可以看到oplog中記錄了id為54101-55016數(shù)據(jù)，這也就說(shuō)明了我們開(kāi)始dump數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，到dump結(jié)束后，數(shù)據(jù)一致在發(fā)生變化，所以我們dump下來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)是一個(gè)中間狀態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù)；這里需要說(shuō)明一點(diǎn)使用mongodump --oplog選項(xiàng)時(shí)，不能指定庫(kù)，因?yàn)閛plog是對(duì)所有庫(kù)，而不針對(duì)某個(gè)庫(kù)記錄，所以--oplog只有在備份所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)生效；

　　刪除testdb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，然后基于我們剛才dump的數(shù)據(jù)做數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)

test_replset:PRIMARY> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.014GB
peoples 0.000GB
testdb 0.019GB
test_replset:PRIMARY> use testdb
switched to db testdb
test_replset:PRIMARY> db.dropDatabase()
{
 "dropped" : "testdb",
 "ok" : 1,
 "$clusterTime" : {
  "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1605456134, 4),
  "signature" : {
   "hash" : BinData(0,"cRAdXcUj5c48Q77rCJ1DeeF10u8="),
   "keyId" : NumberLong("6895378399531892740")
  }
 },
 "operationTime" : Timestamp(1605456134, 4)
}
test_replset:PRIMARY> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.014GB
peoples 0.000GB
test_replset:PRIMARY>

　　使用mongorestore恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)

[root@node11 ~]# ls
alldatabase
[root@node11 ~]# mongorestore -utom -p123456 -h 192.168.0.52:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin --oplogReplay --drop ./alldatabase/
2020-11-16T00:06:32.049+0800 preparing collections to restore from
2020-11-16T00:06:32.053+0800 reading metadata for testdb.test1 from alldatabase/testdb/test1.metadata.json
2020-11-16T00:06:32.060+0800 reading metadata for testdb.test3 from alldatabase/testdb/test3.metadata.json
2020-11-16T00:06:32.064+0800 reading metadata for testdb.test from alldatabase/testdb/test.metadata.json
2020-11-16T00:06:32.064+0800 restoring testdb.test1 from alldatabase/testdb/test1.bson
2020-11-16T00:06:32.074+0800 restoring testdb.test3 from alldatabase/testdb/test3.bson
2020-11-16T00:06:32.093+0800 restoring testdb.test from alldatabase/testdb/test.bson
2020-11-16T00:06:32.098+0800 reading metadata for peoples.peoples_info from alldatabase/peoples/peoples_info.metadata.json
2020-11-16T00:06:32.110+0800 restoring peoples.peoples_info from alldatabase/peoples/peoples_info.bson
2020-11-16T00:06:32.333+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-11-16T00:06:32.333+0800 finished restoring peoples.peoples_info (10000 documents, 0 failures)
2020-11-16T00:06:32.766+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-11-16T00:06:32.766+0800 finished restoring testdb.test (31571 documents, 0 failures)
2020-11-16T00:06:33.023+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-11-16T00:06:33.023+0800 finished restoring testdb.test3 (54167 documents, 0 failures)
2020-11-16T00:06:33.370+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-11-16T00:06:33.370+0800 finished restoring testdb.test1 (79830 documents, 0 failures)
2020-11-16T00:06:33.370+0800 restoring users from alldatabase/admin/system.users.bson
2020-11-16T00:06:33.416+0800 replaying oplog
2020-11-16T00:06:33.850+0800 applied 916 oplog entries
2020-11-16T00:06:33.850+0800 175568 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.
[root@node11 ~]#

　　提示：恢復(fù)是需要使用--oplogReplay選項(xiàng)來(lái)指定重放oplog.bson中的內(nèi)容；從上面恢復(fù)日志可以看到從oplog中恢復(fù)了916條數(shù)據(jù)；也就是說(shuō)從dump數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)始的那一刻開(kāi)始到dump結(jié)束期間有916條數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)生變化；

　　驗(yàn)證：連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，看看對(duì)應(yīng)的testdb庫(kù)下的test3集合恢復(fù)了多少條數(shù)據(jù)？

test_replset:PRIMARY> use testdb
switched to db testdb
test_replset:PRIMARY> show tables
test
test1
test3
test_replset:PRIMARY> db.test3.count()
55016
test_replset:PRIMARY>

　　提示：可以看到test3集合恢復(fù)了55016條數(shù)據(jù)；剛好可以和oplog.bson中的最后一條數(shù)據(jù)的id對(duì)應(yīng)起來(lái)；

　　備份oplog.rs實(shí)現(xiàn)指定恢復(fù)到某個(gè)時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)

　　為了演示容易看出效果，我這里從新將數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)清空，關(guān)閉了認(rèn)證功能

　　插入數(shù)據(jù)

test_replset:PRIMARY> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
test_replset:PRIMARY> use testdb
switched to db testdb
test_replset:PRIMARY> for(i=1;i<=100000;i++) db.test.insert({id:(i+10000),name:"test-oplog"+i,commit:"test"+i})

　　同時(shí)備份數(shù)據(jù)，這次不加--oplog選項(xiàng)

[root@node11 ~]# ll
total 0
[root@node11 ~]# mongodump -h node12:27017 -o ./alldatabase
2020-11-16T09:38:00.921+0800 writing admin.system.version to alldatabase/admin/system.version.bson
2020-11-16T09:38:00.923+0800 done dumping admin.system.version (1 document)
2020-11-16T09:38:00.924+0800 writing testdb.test to alldatabase/testdb/test.bson
2020-11-16T09:38:00.960+0800 done dumping testdb.test (16377 documents)
[root@node11 ~]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 33 Nov 16 09:38 alldatabase
[root@node11 ~]# tree ./alldatabase
./alldatabase
├── admin
│ ├── system.version.bson
│ └── system.version.metadata.json
└── testdb
 ├── test.bson
 └── test.metadata.json
 
2 directories, 4 files
[root@node11 ~]#

　　提示：我們?cè)谝贿叢迦霐?shù)據(jù)，一邊備份數(shù)據(jù)，從上面的被日志可以看到，我們備份testdb庫(kù)下的test集合16377條數(shù)據(jù)，很顯然這不是testdb.test集合的所有數(shù)據(jù)；我們備份的只是部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)；正常情況等數(shù)據(jù)插入完成以后，testdb.test集合應(yīng)該有100000條數(shù)據(jù)；

　　驗(yàn)證：查看testdb.test集合是否有100000條數(shù)據(jù)？

test_replset:PRIMARY> db
testdb
test_replset:PRIMARY> show collections
test
test_replset:PRIMARY> db.test.count()
100000
test_replset:PRIMARY>

　　模擬誤操作刪除testdb.test集合所有數(shù)據(jù)

test_replset:PRIMARY> db
testdb
test_replset:PRIMARY> show collections
test
test_replset:PRIMARY> db.test.remove({})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 100000 })
test_replset:PRIMARY>

　　提示：現(xiàn)在我們不小心把testdb.test集合給刪除了，現(xiàn)在如果用之前的備份肯定只能恢復(fù)部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，怎么辦呢？我們這個(gè)時(shí)候可以導(dǎo)出oplog.rs集合，這個(gè)集合就是oplog存放數(shù)據(jù)的集合，它位于local庫(kù)下；

　　備份local庫(kù)中的oplog.rs集合

[root@node11 ~]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 33 Nov 16 09:38 alldatabase
[root@node11 ~]# mongodump -h node12:27017 -d local -c oplog.rs -o ./oplog-rs
2020-11-16T09:43:38.594+0800 writing local.oplog.rs to oplog-rs/local/oplog.rs.bson
2020-11-16T09:43:38.932+0800 done dumping local.oplog.rs (200039 documents)
[root@node11 ~]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 33 Nov 16 09:38 alldatabase
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 19 Nov 16 09:43 oplog-rs
[root@node11 ~]# tree ./oplog-rs
./oplog-rs
└── local
 ├── oplog.rs.bson
 └── oplog.rs.metadata.json
 
1 directory, 2 files
[root@node11 ~]#

　　提示：oplog存放在local庫(kù)下的oplog.rs集合中，以上操作就是備份所有的oplog；現(xiàn)在我們準(zhǔn)備好一個(gè)oplog,但是現(xiàn)在還不能直接恢復(fù)，如果直接恢復(fù)，我們的誤操作也會(huì)跟著一起重放沒(méi)有任何意義，現(xiàn)在我們需要找到誤操作的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，然后在恢復(fù)；

　　在oplog中查找誤刪除的時(shí)間

[root@node11 ~]# bsondump oplog-rs/local/oplog.rs.bson |egrep "\"op\":\"d\""|head -n 3
{"op":"d","ns":"testdb.test","ui":{"$binary":{"base64":"C3FH7g1eSWWwHd2AZEJhiw==","subType":"04"}},"o":{"_id":{"$oid":"5fb1d7eb25343e833cbaa146"}},"ts":{"$timestamp":{"t":1605490915,"i":1}},"t":{"$numberLong":"1"},"wall":{"$date":{"$numberLong":"1605490915399"}},"v":{"$numberLong":"2"}}
{"op":"d","ns":"testdb.test","ui":{"$binary":{"base64":"C3FH7g1eSWWwHd2AZEJhiw==","subType":"04"}},"o":{"_id":{"$oid":"5fb1d7eb25343e833cbaa147"}},"ts":{"$timestamp":{"t":1605490915,"i":2}},"t":{"$numberLong":"1"},"wall":{"$date":{"$numberLong":"1605490915400"}},"v":{"$numberLong":"2"}}
{"op":"d","ns":"testdb.test","ui":{"$binary":{"base64":"C3FH7g1eSWWwHd2AZEJhiw==","subType":"04"}},"o":{"_id":{"$oid":"5fb1d7eb25343e833cbaa148"}},"ts":{"$timestamp":{"t":1605490915,"i":3}},"t":{"$numberLong":"1"},"wall":{"$date":{"$numberLong":"1605490915400"}},"v":{"$numberLong":"2"}}
2020-11-16T09:46:20.363+0800 100074 objects found
2020-11-16T09:46:20.363+0800 write /dev/stdout: broken pipe
[root@node11 ~]#

　　提示：我們要恢復(fù)到第一次刪除前的數(shù)據(jù)，我們就選擇第一條日志中的$timestamp字段中的{"t":1605490915,"i":1}；這個(gè)就是我們第一次刪除的時(shí)間信息；

　　復(fù)制oplog.rs.bson到備份的數(shù)據(jù)目錄為oplog.bson，模擬出使用--oplog選項(xiàng)備份的備份環(huán)境

[root@node11 ~]# cp ./oplog-rs/local/oplog.rs.bson ./alldatabase/oplog.bson
[root@node11 ~]#

　　在使用mongorestore進(jìn)行恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)，指定恢復(fù)到第一次刪除數(shù)據(jù)前的時(shí)間點(diǎn)所有數(shù)據(jù)

[root@node11 ~]# mongorestore -h node12:27017 --oplogReplay --oplogLimit "1605490915:1" --drop ./alldatabase/
2020-11-16T09:51:19.658+0800 preparing collections to restore from
2020-11-16T09:51:19.668+0800 reading metadata for testdb.test from alldatabase/testdb/test.metadata.json
2020-11-16T09:51:19.693+0800 restoring testdb.test from alldatabase/testdb/test.bson
2020-11-16T09:51:19.983+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-11-16T09:51:19.983+0800 finished restoring testdb.test (16377 documents, 0 failures)
2020-11-16T09:51:19.983+0800 replaying oplog
2020-11-16T09:51:22.657+0800 oplog 537KB
2020-11-16T09:51:25.657+0800 oplog 1.12MB
2020-11-16T09:51:28.657+0800 oplog 1.72MB
2020-11-16T09:51:31.657+0800 oplog 2.32MB
2020-11-16T09:51:34.657+0800 oplog 2.92MB
2020-11-16T09:51:37.657+0800 oplog 3.51MB
2020-11-16T09:51:40.657+0800 oplog 4.11MB
2020-11-16T09:51:43.657+0800 oplog 4.71MB
2020-11-16T09:51:46.657+0800 oplog 5.30MB
2020-11-16T09:51:49.657+0800 oplog 5.90MB
2020-11-16T09:51:52.657+0800 oplog 6.46MB
2020-11-16T09:51:55.657+0800 oplog 7.04MB
2020-11-16T09:51:58.657+0800 oplog 7.61MB
2020-11-16T09:52:01.657+0800 oplog 8.20MB
2020-11-16T09:52:04.657+0800 oplog 8.77MB
2020-11-16T09:52:07.657+0800 oplog 9.36MB
2020-11-16T09:52:10.657+0800 oplog 9.96MB
2020-11-16T09:52:13.657+0800 oplog 10.6MB
2020-11-16T09:52:16.656+0800 oplog 11.2MB
2020-11-16T09:52:19.657+0800 oplog 11.8MB
2020-11-16T09:52:22.657+0800 oplog 12.4MB
2020-11-16T09:52:25.657+0800 oplog 13.0MB
2020-11-16T09:52:28.657+0800 oplog 13.6MB
2020-11-16T09:52:31.657+0800 oplog 14.2MB
2020-11-16T09:52:34.657+0800 oplog 14.8MB
2020-11-16T09:52:37.657+0800 oplog 15.4MB
2020-11-16T09:52:40.657+0800 oplog 16.0MB
2020-11-16T09:52:43.657+0800 oplog 16.6MB
2020-11-16T09:52:46.657+0800 oplog 17.2MB
2020-11-16T09:52:49.657+0800 oplog 17.8MB
2020-11-16T09:52:52.433+0800 skipping applying the config.system.sessions namespace in applyOps
2020-11-16T09:52:52.433+0800 applied 100008 oplog entries
2020-11-16T09:52:52.433+0800 oplog 18.4MB
2020-11-16T09:52:52.433+0800 16377 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.
[root@node11 ~]#

　　提示：從上面的恢復(fù)日志可以看到oplog恢復(fù)了100008條，備份的16377條數(shù)據(jù)也成功恢復(fù)；

　　驗(yàn)證：查看testdb.test集合是否恢復(fù)？數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)了多少條呢？

test_replset:PRIMARY> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.010GB
testdb 0.004GB
test_replset:PRIMARY> use testdb
switched to db testdb
test_replset:PRIMARY> show tables
test
test_replset:PRIMARY> db.test.count()
100000
test_replset:PRIMARY>

　提示：可以看到testdb.test集合恢復(fù)了100000條數(shù)據(jù)；

　　以上就是mongodb的備份與恢復(fù)相關(guān)話題的實(shí)踐；

到此這篇關(guān)于分布式文檔存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之MongoDB備份與恢復(fù)的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)MongoDB備份與恢復(fù)內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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