Django利用elasticsearch(搜索引擎)實現(xiàn)搜索功能

更新時間：2020年11月26日 09:49:10 作者：天降攻城獅

這篇文章主要介紹了Django利用elasticsearch(搜索引擎)實現(xiàn)搜索功能，文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細，對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學習學習吧

1、在Django配置搜索結(jié)果頁的路由映射

"""pachong URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
 1. Add an import: from my_app import views
 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^/pre>, views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^/pre>, Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
 1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app1 import views

urlpatterns = [
 url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
 url(r'^/pre>, views.indexluoji),
 url(r'^index/', views.indexluoji),
 url(r'^suggest//pre>, views.suggestluoji,name="suggest"),  # 搜索字段補全請求
 url(r'^search//pre>, views.searchluoji,name="search"),  # 搜索

]

2、編寫邏輯處理函數(shù)

在邏輯處理函數(shù)里實現(xiàn)搜索數(shù)據(jù)

（1）獲取到用戶的搜索詞

（2）利用原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口，實現(xiàn)搜索，注明：elasticsearch-dsl就是在原生的elasticsearch上做了封裝

　　Elasticsearch()方法，連接原生的elasticsearch服務(wù)器

　　search()方法，原生elasticsearch查詢方法，支持原生的elasticsearch查詢語句，返回的原生語句結(jié)果也就是字典形式的數(shù)據(jù)

　　在查詢語句里進行關(guān)鍵詞高亮處理

　　將查詢到的結(jié)果，循環(huán)獲取到后返回到html頁面

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views.generic.base import View
from app1.models import lagouType    # 導入操作elasticsearch(搜索引擎)類
import json
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch   # 導入原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口
client = Elasticsearch(hosts=["127.0.0.1"])  # 連接原生的elasticsearch

def indexluoji(request):
 print(request.method) # 獲取用戶請求的路徑
 return render(request, 'index.html')

def suggestluoji(request):          # 搜索自動補全邏輯處理
 key_words = request.GET.get('s', '')      # 獲取到請求詞
 re_datas = []
 if key_words:
  s = lagouType.search()         # 實例化elasticsearch(搜索引擎)類的search查詢
  s = s.suggest('my_suggest', key_words, completion={
   "field": "suggest", "fuzzy": {
    "fuzziness": 1
   },
   "size": 5
  })
  suggestions = s.execute_suggest()
  for match in suggestions.my_suggest[0].options:
   source = match._source
   re_datas.append(source["title"])
 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(re_datas), content_type="application/json")

def searchluoji(request):          # 搜索邏輯處理
 key_words = request.GET.get('q', '')      # 獲取到請求詞
 response = client.search(         # 原生的elasticsearch接口的search()方法，就是搜索，可以支持原生elasticsearch語句查詢
  index="lagou",           # 設(shè)置索引名稱
  doc_type="biao",          # 設(shè)置表名稱
  body={             # 書寫elasticsearch語句
   "query": {
    "multi_match": {        # multi_match查詢
     "query": key_words,       # 查詢關(guān)鍵詞
     "fields": ["title", "description"]   # 查詢字段
    }
   },
   "from": 0,           # 從第幾條開始獲取
   "size": 10,           # 獲取多少條數(shù)據(jù)
   "highlight": {          # 查詢關(guān)鍵詞高亮處理
    "pre_tags": ['<span class="keyWord">'],   # 高亮開始標簽
    "post_tags": ['</span>'],      # 高亮結(jié)束標簽
    "fields": {          # 高亮設(shè)置
     "title": {},        # 高亮字段
     "description": {}       # 高亮字段
    }
   }
  }
 )
 total_nums = response["hits"]["total"]      # 獲取查詢結(jié)果的總條數(shù)
 hit_list = []            # 設(shè)置一個列表來儲存搜索到的信息，返回給html頁面
 for hit in response["hits"]["hits"]:      # 循環(huán)查詢到的結(jié)果
  hit_dict = {}           # 設(shè)置一個字典來儲存循環(huán)結(jié)果
  if "title" in hit["highlight"]:       # 判斷title字段，如果高亮字段有類容
   hit_dict["title"] = "".join(hit["highlight"]["title"])  # 獲取高亮里的title
  else:
   hit_dict["title"] = hit["_source"]["title"]     # 否則獲取不是高亮里的title

  if "description" in hit["highlight"]:       # 判斷description字段，如果高亮字段有類容
   hit_dict["description"] = "".join(hit["highlight"]["description"])[:500] # 獲取高亮里的description
  else:
   hit_dict["description"] = hit["_source"]["description"]  # 否則獲取不是高亮里的description

  hit_dict["url"] = hit["_source"]["url"]       # 獲取返回url

  hit_list.append(hit_dict)          # 將獲取到內(nèi)容的字典，添加到列表
 return render(request, 'result.html', {"all_hits": hit_list, "key_words": key_words})  #顯示頁面和將列表和搜索詞返回到html

3、html頁面接收搜索結(jié)果

注意：因為Django實現(xiàn)了防止惡意代碼寫入，凡是通過變量傳輸?shù)絟tml頁面的html類型代碼，將會被自動轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串方式顯示，索引我們需要在接收變量的字段用：{% autoescape off %} {{ 接收變量 }} {% endautoescape %}，來顯示html代碼，

搜索后因為進行了一次跳轉(zhuǎn)，所以搜索框里的搜索詞將不存在，我們需要在傳遞搜索結(jié)果到頁面的時候，將搜索詞也傳遞進來填充到搜索框

<!DOCTYPE html >
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
{#引入靜態(tài)文件路徑#}
{% load staticfiles %}
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=emulateIE7" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>python-lcv-search搜索引擎</title>
<link href="{% static 'css/style.css'%}" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="{% static 'css/result.css'%}" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
 <div id="hd" class="ue-clear">
  <a href="/" rel="external nofollow" ><div class="logo"></div></a>
  <div class="inputArea">
   <input type="text" class="searchInput" value="{{ key_words }}"/>
   <input type="button" class="searchButton" onclick="add_search()"/>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div class="nav">
  <ul class="searchList">
   <li class="searchItem current" data-type="article">文章</li>
   <li class="searchItem" data-type="question">問答</li>
   <li class="searchItem" data-type="job">職位</li>
  </ul>
 </div>
 <div id="bd" class="ue-clear">
  <div id="main">
   <div class="sideBar">

    <div class="subfield">網(wǎng)站</div>
    <ul class="subfieldContext">
     <li>
      <span class="name">伯樂在線</span>
      <span class="unit">(None)</span>
     </li>
     <li>
      <span class="name">知乎</span>
      <span class="unit">(9862)</span>
     </li>
     <li>
      <span class="name">拉勾網(wǎng)</span>
      <span class="unit">(9862)</span>
     </li>
     <li class="more">
      <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
       <span class="text">更多</span>
       <i class="moreIcon"></i>
      </a>
     </li>
    </ul>

    <div class="sideBarShowHide">
     <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="icon"></a>
    </div>
   </div>
   <div class="resultArea">
    <p class="resultTotal">
     <span class="info">找到約&nbsp;<span class="totalResult">45</span>&nbsp;條結(jié)果(用時<span class="time">0.643128</span>秒)，共約<span class="totalPage">5</span>頁</span>
    </p>
    <div class="resultList">
     {% for hit in all_hits %}
     <div class="resultItem">
       <div class="itemHead">
        <a href="{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.url }} {% endautoescape %}" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank" class="title">{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.title }} {% endautoescape %}</a>
        <span class="divsion">-</span>
        <span class="fileType">
         <span class="label">來源：</span>
         <span class="value">網(wǎng)絡(luò)</span>
        </span>
        <span class="dependValue">
         <span class="label">得分：</span>
         <span class="value">3.401155</span>
        </span>
       </div>
       <div class="itemBody">
        {% autoescape off %} {{ hit.description }} {% endautoescape %}
       </div>
      </div>
     {% endfor %}
    </div>
    <!-- 分頁 -->
    <div class="pagination ue-clear"></div>
    <!-- 相關(guān)搜索 -->

   </div>
   <div class="historyArea">
    <div class="hotSearch">
     <h6>熱門搜索</h6>
     <ul class="historyList">

       <li><a href="/search?q=linux" rel="external nofollow" >linux</a></li>

     </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="mySearch">
     <h6>我的搜索</h6>
     <ul class="historyList">

     </ul>
    </div>
   </div>
  </div><!-- End of main -->
 </div><!--End of bd-->
</div>

<div id="foot">Copyright &copy;projectsedu.com 版權(quán)所有 E-mail:admin@projectsedu.com</div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/jquery.js'%}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/global.js'%}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/pagination.js'%}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
 var search_url = "/search/"

 $('.searchList').on('click', '.searchItem', function(){
  $('.searchList .searchItem').removeClass('current');
  $(this).addClass('current'); 
 });

 $.each($('.subfieldContext'), function(i, item){
  $(this).find('li:gt(2)').hide().end().find('li:last').show();  
 });

 function removeByValue(arr, val) {
  for(var i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {
  if(arr[i] == val) {
   arr.splice(i, 1);
   break;
  }
  }
 }
 $('.subfieldContext .more').click(function(e){
  var $more = $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more');
  if($more.hasClass('show')){

   if($(this).hasClass('define')){
    $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more').removeClass('show').find('.text').text('自定義');
   }else{
    $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more').removeClass('show').find('.text').text('更多'); 
   }
   $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('li:gt(2)').hide().end().find('li:last').show();
  }else{
   $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more').addClass('show').find('.text').text('收起');
   $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('li:gt(2)').show(); 
  }

 });

 $('.sideBarShowHide a').click(function(e) {
  if($('#main').hasClass('sideBarHide')){
   $('#main').removeClass('sideBarHide');
   $('#container').removeClass('sideBarHide');
  }else{
   $('#main').addClass('sideBarHide'); 
   $('#container').addClass('sideBarHide');
  }

 });
 var key_words = "java"
 //分頁
 $(".pagination").pagination(45, {
  current_page :0, //當前頁碼
  items_per_page :10,
  display_msg :true,
  callback :pageselectCallback
 });
 function pageselectCallback(page_id, jq) {
  window.location.href=search_url+'?q='+key_words+'&p='+page_id
 }

 setHeight();
 $(window).resize(function(){
  setHeight(); 
 });

 function setHeight(){
  if($('#container').outerHeight() < $(window).height()){
   $('#container').height($(window).height()-33);
  } 
 }
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
 $('.searchList').on('click', '.searchItem', function(){
  $('.searchList .searchItem').removeClass('current');
  $(this).addClass('current');
 });

 // 聯(lián)想下拉顯示隱藏
 $('.searchInput').on('focus', function(){
  $('.dataList').show()
 });

 // 聯(lián)想下拉點擊
 $('.dataList').on('click', 'li', function(){
  var text = $(this).text();
  $('.searchInput').val(text);
  $('.dataList').hide()
 });

 hideElement($('.dataList'), $('.searchInput'));
</script>
<script>
 var searchArr;
 //定義一個search的，判斷瀏覽器有無數(shù)據(jù)存儲（搜索歷史）
 if(localStorage.search){
  //如果有，轉(zhuǎn)換成 數(shù)組的形式存放到searchArr的數(shù)組里（localStorage以字符串的形式存儲，所以要把它轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)組的形式）
  searchArr= localStorage.search.split(",")
 }else{
  //如果沒有，則定義searchArr為一個空的數(shù)組
  searchArr = [];
 }
 //把存儲的數(shù)據(jù)顯示出來作為搜索歷史
 MapSearchArr();

 function add_search(){
  var val = $(".searchInput").val();
  if (val.length>=2){
   //點擊搜索按鈕時，去重
   KillRepeat(val);
   //去重后把數(shù)組存儲到瀏覽器localStorage
   localStorage.search = searchArr;
   //然后再把搜索內(nèi)容顯示出來
   MapSearchArr();
  }

  window.location.href=search_url+'?q='+val+"&s_type="+$(".searchItem.current").attr('data-type')

 }

 function MapSearchArr(){
  var tmpHtml = "";
  var arrLen = 0
  if (searchArr.length > 6){
   arrLen = 6
  }else {
   arrLen = searchArr.length
  }
  for (var i=0;i<arrLen;i++){
   tmpHtml += '<li><a href="/search?q='+searchArr[i]+'" rel="external nofollow" >'+searchArr[i]+'</a></li>'
  }
  $(".mySearch .historyList").append(tmpHtml);
 }
 //去重
 function KillRepeat(val){
  var kill = 0;
  for (var i=0;i<searchArr.length;i++){
   if(val===searchArr[i]){
    kill ++;
   }
  }
  if(kill<1){
   searchArr.unshift(val);
  }else {
   removeByValue(searchArr, val)
   searchArr.unshift(val)
  }
 }
</script>
</html>

最終效果

到此這篇關(guān)于Django利用elasticsearch(搜索引擎)實現(xiàn)搜索功能的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Django elasticsearch 搜索內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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