ElasticSearch學(xué)習(xí)之文檔API相關(guān)操作
更新時(shí)間：2023年01月31日 14:30:39 作者：程序員皮卡秋
這篇文章主要為大家介紹了ElasticSearch學(xué)習(xí)之文檔API相關(guān)操作，有需要的朋友可以借鑒參考下，希望能夠有所幫助，祝大家多多進(jìn)步，早日升職加薪
前言
本節(jié)主要給大家講一下文檔API相關(guān)操作。在學(xué)習(xí)之前，建議大家先回顧前幾節(jié)內(nèi)容，讓自己有一個(gè)整體的認(rèn)知，不要把概念混淆了。我們前幾節(jié)都在講索引,它是和文檔掛鉤的，文檔我們可以理解為數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)有增刪改查，本節(jié)就主要跟大家講一下文檔的增刪改查操作。
本文偏實(shí)戰(zhàn)一些，好了, 廢話不多說(shuō)直接開(kāi)整吧~
創(chuàng)建文檔
這里沿用之前的例子,使用class_1的索引,我們先看下它的索引結(jié)構(gòu)：
GET /class_1
返回:
{
"class_1" : {
"aliases" : {
"class" : { }
},
"mappings" : {
"properties" : {
"name" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
},
"num" : {
"type" : "long"
}
}
},
"settings" : {
"index" : {
"refresh_interval" : "3s",
"number_of_shards" : "3",
"provided_name" : "class_1",
"creation_date" : "1670812583980",
"number_of_replicas" : "1",
"uuid" : "CTD3dM-fQm-KFEVl4nAgRQ",
"version" : {
"created" : "7060299"
}
}
}
}
}
通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)可以看到,它主要有兩個(gè)字段name和num，那么我們?cè)趺赐镞吿砑訑?shù)據(jù)呢?
創(chuàng)建文檔分為以下幾種情況:
- 創(chuàng)建
單個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)指定ID：使用_doc路由+PUT請(qǐng)求+id參數(shù) - 創(chuàng)建
單個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)不指定ID：使用_doc路由+POST請(qǐng)求 - 創(chuàng)建
單個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)指定ID并進(jìn)行ID唯一性控制：使用_doc路由+PUT請(qǐng)求+id參數(shù)+op_type=create參數(shù) - 創(chuàng)建
批量數(shù)據(jù)指定ID：使用_bulk路由+PUT請(qǐng)求/POST請(qǐng)求+create關(guān)鍵字+_id屬性 - 創(chuàng)建
批量數(shù)據(jù)不指定ID：使用_bulk路由+PUT請(qǐng)求/POST請(qǐng)求+create關(guān)鍵字
下面，帶大家一個(gè)一個(gè)看
單個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)
指定ID
PUT /class_1/_doc/1
{
"name":"a",
"num": 5
}
創(chuàng)建成功返回:
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 1,
"_primary_term" : 3
}
不指定ID
PUT /class_1/_doc/
{
"name":"b",
"num": 6
}
{
"error" : "Incorrect HTTP method for uri [/class_1/_doc/?pretty=true] and method [PUT], allowed: [POST]",
"status" : 405
}
創(chuàng)建失敗了，告訴我們這里要使用POST
POST /class_1/_doc/
{
"name":"b",
"num": 6
}
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "h2Fg-4UBECmbBdQA6VLg",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 0,
"_primary_term" : 3
}
可以看到不指定id情況下,創(chuàng)建的文檔_id隨機(jī)生成了
ID唯一性控制
PUT /class_1/_doc/1?op_type=create
{
"name":"c",
"num": 7
}
{
"error" : {
"root_cause" : [
{
"type" : "version_conflict_engine_exception",
"reason" : "[1]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [1])",
"index_uuid" : "CTD3dM-fQm-KFEVl4nAgRQ",
"shard" : "2",
"index" : "class_1"
}
],
"type" : "version_conflict_engine_exception",
"reason" : "[1]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [1])",
"index_uuid" : "CTD3dM-fQm-KFEVl4nAgRQ",
"shard" : "2",
"index" : "class_1"
},
"status" : 409
}
可以看到，創(chuàng)建失敗了,返回document already exists
批量數(shù)據(jù)
指定ID
PUT class_1/_bulk
{ "create":{ "_id": 2 } }
{"name":"d","num": 8}
{ "create":{ "_id": 3 } }
{ "name":"e","num": 9}
{ "create":{ "_id": 4 } }
{"name":"f","num": 10}
tip: 這里要注意，不能有空行，json對(duì)象{}需要在同一行
{
"took" : 25,
"errors" : false,
"items" : [
{
"create" : {
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 0,
"_primary_term" : 4,
"status" : 201
}
},
{
"create" : {
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 1,
"_primary_term" : 4,
"status" : 201
}
},
{
"create" : {
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 2,
"_primary_term" : 4,
"status" : 201
}
}
]
}
不指定ID
很簡(jiǎn)單，去掉id屬性就好了~
PUT class_1/_bulk
{ "create":{ } }
{"name":"g","num": 8}
{ "create":{ } }
{ "name":"h","num": 9}
{ "create":{ } }
{"name":"i","num": 10}
{
"took" : 30,
"errors" : false,
"items" : [
{
"create" : {
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "iGFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJe",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 3,
"_primary_term" : 4,
"status" : 201
}
},
{
"create" : {
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "iWFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJg",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 4,
"_primary_term" : 4,
"status" : 201
}
},
{
"create" : {
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "imFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJg",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 5,
"_primary_term" : 4,
"status" : 201
}
}
]
}
修改文檔
文檔修改分以下幾種情況:
- 按照
ID全量更新單個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)：使用_doc路由+PUT請(qǐng)求+id參數(shù) - 按照
ID全量更新單個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)并進(jìn)行樂(lè)觀鎖控制：使用_doc路由+PUT請(qǐng)求+if_seq_no&if_primary_term參數(shù)+id參數(shù) - 按照
ID部分更新單個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)（包含屬性添加）：使用_update路由+POST請(qǐng)求+id參數(shù) - 按照
ID全量更新批量數(shù)據(jù)：使用_bulk路由+PUT請(qǐng)求/POST請(qǐng)求+index關(guān)鍵字+_id屬性 - 按照
ID部分更新批量數(shù)據(jù)（包含屬性添加）：使用_bulk路由+PUT請(qǐng)求/POST請(qǐng)求+update關(guān)鍵字+_id屬性 - 按照條件
修改數(shù)據(jù)：使用_update_by_query路由+POST請(qǐng)求+ctx._source[字段名稱]=字段值 - 按照條件給數(shù)據(jù)
新增屬性：使用_update_by_query路由+POST請(qǐng)求+ctx._source[字段名稱]=字段值 - 按照條件給數(shù)據(jù)
移除屬性：使用_update_by_query路由+POST請(qǐng)求+ctx._source.remove(字段名稱)
同樣的，帶大家一個(gè)個(gè)來(lái)看~
按照ID單個(gè)
全量更新
PUT /class_1/_doc/1
{
"name":"k",
"num": 5
}
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 2,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 2,
"_primary_term" : 3
}
再次修改:
PUT /class_1/_doc/1
{
"name":"k",
"num": 6
}
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 3,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 3,
"_primary_term" : 3
}
大家觀察一下這個(gè)_version字段，發(fā)現(xiàn)它的版本號(hào)是遞增的，也就是說(shuō)會(huì)隨著我們的修改而變化
基于樂(lè)觀鎖全量更新
跟上條件if_seq_no,if_primary_term
PUT /class_1/_doc/1?if_seq_no=3&if_primary_term=3
{
"name":"l",
"num": 6
}
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 4,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 4,
"_primary_term" : 3
}
再操作一下:
{
"error" : {
"root_cause" : [
{
"type" : "version_conflict_engine_exception",
"reason" : "[1]: version conflict, required seqNo [3], primary term [3]. current document has seqNo [4] and primary term [3]",
"index_uuid" : "CTD3dM-fQm-KFEVl4nAgRQ",
"shard" : "2",
"index" : "class_1"
}
],
"type" : "version_conflict_engine_exception",
"reason" : "[1]: version conflict, required seqNo [3], primary term [3]. current document has seqNo [4] and primary term [3]",
"index_uuid" : "CTD3dM-fQm-KFEVl4nAgRQ",
"shard" : "2",
"index" : "class_1"
},
"status" : 409
}
發(fā)現(xiàn)操作失敗了，因?yàn)闂l件不符合 required seqNo [3], primary term [3],上一步操作完之后seqNo和primary term [4]
部分更新
PUT /class_1/_update/1
{
"doc":{
"name":"m",
"num": 1
}
}
按照ID批量
全量更新
PUT class_1/_bulk
{ "create":{ "_id": 2 } }
{"name":"d","num": 8}
{ "create":{ "_id": 3 } }
{ "name":"e","num": 9}
{ "create":{ "_id": 4 } }
{"name":"f","num": 10}
這個(gè)應(yīng)該好理解
部分更新
需要修改為update并添加屬性
PUT class_1/_bulk
{ "update":{ "_id": 2 } }
{ "doc":{"name":"d","num": 8}}
{ "update":{ "_id": 3 } }
{ "doc":{ "name":"e","num": 9}}
{ "update":{ "_id": 4 } }
{ "doc":{"name":"f","num": 10}}
返回:
{
"took" : 32,
"errors" : false,
"items" : [
{
"update" : {
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_version" : 2,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 6,
"_primary_term" : 4,
"status" : 200
}
},
{
"update" : {
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_version" : 2,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 7,
"_primary_term" : 4,
"status" : 200
}
},
{
"update" : {
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_version" : 2,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 8,
"_primary_term" : 4,
"status" : 200
}
}
]
}
按照條件修改
修改字段
查找name=d的數(shù)據(jù)修改為num=10,name=e
POST class_1/_update_by_query
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name": "d"
}
},
"script": {
"source": "ctx._source['num']='10';ctx._source['name']='e'",
"lang": "painless"
}
}
返回:
{
"took" : 108,
"timed_out" : false,
"total" : 1,
"updated" : 1,
"deleted" : 0,
"batches" : 1,
"version_conflicts" : 0,
"noops" : 0,
"retries" : {
"bulk" : 0,
"search" : 0
},
"throttled_millis" : 0,
"requests_per_second" : -1.0,
"throttled_until_millis" : 0,
"failures" : [ ]
}
增加字段
POST class_1/_update_by_query
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name": "e"
}
},
"script": {
"source": "ctx._source['desc']=['hhhh']",
"lang": "painless"
}
}
{
"took" : 344,
"timed_out" : false,
"total" : 2,
"updated" : 2,
"deleted" : 0,
"batches" : 1,
"version_conflicts" : 0,
"noops" : 0,
"retries" : {
"bulk" : 0,
"search" : 0
},
"throttled_millis" : 0,
"requests_per_second" : -1.0,
"throttled_until_millis" : 0,
"failures" : [ ]
}
接著我們查下class_1的索引結(jié)構(gòu):
{
"class_1" : {
"aliases" : {
"class" : { }
},
"mappings" : {
"properties" : {
"age" : {
"type" : "long"
},
"desc" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
},
"name" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
},
"num" : {
"type" : "long"
}
}
},
"settings" : {
"index" : {
"refresh_interval" : "3s",
"number_of_shards" : "3",
"provided_name" : "class_1",
"creation_date" : "1670812583980",
"number_of_replicas" : "1",
"uuid" : "CTD3dM-fQm-KFEVl4nAgRQ",
"version" : {
"created" : "7060299"
}
}
}
}
}
可以看到多了一個(gè)字段:
{
"desc" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
}
}
移除字段
POST class_1/_update_by_query
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name": "e"
}
},
"script": {
"source": "ctx._source.remove('desc')",
"lang": "painless"
}
}
大家可以試著運(yùn)行一下，然后再查下索引
刪除文檔
按照ID & 單個(gè)刪除
DELETE /class_1/_doc/2
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_version" : 5,
"result" : "deleted",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 12,
"_primary_term" : 4
}
按照ID & 批量刪除
PUT class_1/_bulk
{ "delete":{"_id":"2" } }
{ "delete":{"_id":"3" } }
按照條件刪除
POST class_1/_delete_by_query
{
"query":{
"match_all":{
"name": "e"
}
}
}
結(jié)束語(yǔ)
本節(jié)主要講了ES中的文檔API操作，還遺留一個(gè)查詢操作, 該部分內(nèi)容較多,放到后邊給大家講，更多關(guān)于ElasticSearch文檔API操作的資料請(qǐng)關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章！
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