typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
    int co_argcount;		/* #arguments, except *args */
    int co_kwonlyargcount;	/* #keyword only arguments */
    int co_nlocals;		/* #local variables */
    int co_stacksize;		/* #entries needed for evaluation stack */
    int co_flags;		/* CO_..., see below */
    PyObject *co_code;		/* instruction opcodes */
    PyObject *co_consts;	/* list (constants used) */
    PyObject *co_names;		/* list of strings (names used) */
    PyObject *co_varnames;	/* tuple of strings (local variable names) */
    PyObject *co_freevars;	/* tuple of strings (free variable names) */
    PyObject *co_cellvars;      /* tuple of strings (cell variable names) */
    /* The rest aren't used in either hash or comparisons, except for
       co_name (used in both) and co_firstlineno (used only in
       comparisons).  This is done to preserve the name and line number
       for tracebacks and debuggers; otherwise, constant de-duplication
       would collapse identical functions/lambdas defined on different lines.
    */
    unsigned char *co_cell2arg; /* Maps cell vars which are arguments. */
    PyObject *co_filename;	/* unicode (where it was loaded from) */
    PyObject *co_name;		/* unicode (name, for reference) */
    int co_firstlineno;		/* first source line number */
    PyObject *co_lnotab;	/* string (encoding addr<->lineno mapping) See
				   Objects/lnotab_notes.txt for details. */
    void *co_zombieframe;     /* for optimization only (see frameobject.c) */
    PyObject *co_weakreflist;   /* to support weakrefs to code objects */
} PyCodeObject;

import dis
import binascii
import types

d = 10


def test_co01(c):
    a = 1
    b = 2
    return a + b + c + d

code
   argcount 1
   nlocals 3
   stacksize 2
   flags 0043 0x43
   code b'6401007d01006402007d02007c01007c0200177c0000177400001753'
  9           0 LOAD_CONST               1 (1)
              3 STORE_FAST               1 (a)

 10           6 LOAD_CONST               2 (2)
              9 STORE_FAST               2 (b)

 11          12 LOAD_FAST                1 (a)
             15 LOAD_FAST                2 (b)
             18 BINARY_ADD
             19 LOAD_FAST                0 (c)
             22 BINARY_ADD
             23 LOAD_GLOBAL              0 (d)
             26 BINARY_ADD
             27 RETURN_VALUE
   consts
      None
      1
      2
   names ('d',)
   varnames ('c', 'a', 'b')
   freevars ()
   cellvars ()
   filename '/tmp/pycharm_project_396/co01.py'
   name 'test_co01'
   firstlineno 8
   lnotab b'000106010601'

/* Masks for co_flags above */
#define CO_OPTIMIZED	0x0001
#define CO_NEWLOCALS	0x0002
#define CO_VARARGS	0x0004
#define CO_VARKEYWORDS	0x0008
#define CO_NESTED       0x0010
#define CO_GENERATOR    0x0020
/* The CO_NOFREE flag is set if there are no free or cell variables.
   This information is redundant, but it allows a single flag test
   to determine whether there is any extra work to be done when the
   call frame it setup.
*/
#define CO_NOFREE       0x0040

/* The CO_COROUTINE flag is set for coroutine functions (defined with
   ``async def`` keywords) */
#define CO_COROUTINE            0x0080
#define CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE   0x0100

def test_co02():
    a = 1
    b = 2

    def g():
        return a + b
    return a + b + g()

code
   argcount 0
   nlocals 1
   stacksize 3
   flags 0003 0x3
   code
      b'640100890000640200890100870000870100660200640300640400860000'
      b'7d0000880000880100177c00008300001753'
 15           0 LOAD_CONST               1 (1)
              3 STORE_DEREF              0 (a)

 16           6 LOAD_CONST               2 (2)
              9 STORE_DEREF              1 (b)

 18          12 LOAD_CLOSURE             0 (a)
             15 LOAD_CLOSURE             1 (b)
             18 BUILD_TUPLE              2
             21 LOAD_CONST               3 (<code object g at 0x7f133ff496f0, file "/tmp/pycharm_project_396/co01.py", line 18>)
             24 LOAD_CONST               4 ('test_co02.<locals>.g')
             27 MAKE_CLOSURE             0
             30 STORE_FAST               0 (g)

 20          33 LOAD_DEREF               0 (a)
             36 LOAD_DEREF               1 (b)
             39 BINARY_ADD
             40 LOAD_FAST                0 (g)
             43 CALL_FUNCTION            0 (0 positional, 0 keyword pair)
             46 BINARY_ADD
             47 RETURN_VALUE
   consts
      None
      1
      2
      code
         argcount 0
         nlocals 0
         stacksize 2
         flags 0013 0x13
         code b'8800008801001753'
 19           0 LOAD_DEREF               0 (a)
              3 LOAD_DEREF               1 (b)
              6 BINARY_ADD
              7 RETURN_VALUE
         consts
            None
         names ()
         varnames ()
         freevars ('a', 'b')
         cellvars ()
         filename '/tmp/pycharm_project_396/co01.py'
         name 'g'
         firstlineno 18
         lnotab b'0001'
      'test_co02.<locals>.g'
   names ()
   varnames ('g',)
   freevars ()
   cellvars ('a', 'b')
   filename '/tmp/pycharm_project_396/co01.py'
   name 'test_co02'
   firstlineno 14
   lnotab b'0001060106021502'

def test_stack():
    a = 1
    b = 2
    return a + b

code
   argcount 0
   nlocals 2
   stacksize 2
   flags 0043 0x43
   code b'6401007d00006402007d01007c00007c01001753'
   #					  字節(jié)碼指令		 # 字節(jié)碼指令參數(shù) # 參數(shù)對應(yīng)的值
 24           0 LOAD_CONST               1 (1)
              3 STORE_FAST               0 (a)

 25           6 LOAD_CONST               2 (2)
              9 STORE_FAST               1 (b)

 26          12 LOAD_FAST                0 (a)
             15 LOAD_FAST                1 (b)
             18 BINARY_ADD
             19 RETURN_VALUE
   consts
      None # 下標等于 0 的常量
      1 	 # 下標等于 1 的常量
      2		 # 下標等于 2 的常量
   names ()
   varnames ('a', 'b')
   freevars ()
   cellvars ()