Nginx偽靜態(tài)配置和常用Rewrite偽靜態(tài)規(guī)則集錦

更新時間：2023年05月22日 10:56:03 投稿：hebedich

偽靜態(tài)是一種可以把文件后綴改成任何可能的一種方法，如果我想把php文件偽靜態(tài)成html文件，這種相當(dāng)簡單的，下面我來介紹nginx 偽靜態(tài)配置方法有需要了解的朋友可參考。

nginx里使用偽靜態(tài)是直接在nginx.conf 中寫規(guī)則的，并不需要像apache要開啟寫模塊(mod_rewrite)才能進行偽靜態(tài)。

nginx只需要打開nginx.conf配置文件，在server里面寫需要的規(guī)則即可。

server
{
listen?????? 80;
server_name? bbs.jb51.net;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root? /home/www/bbs;
error_page? 404???????????????????????????????????????????? /404.htm;?????? #配置404錯誤頁面
location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass? unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass? 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
#下面就是偽靜態(tài)了
location /{
rewrite ^(.*)/equip(d+).html$ $1/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=$2 last;
}
access_log? access_log?? off;
}

然后重啟nginx服務(wù)器偽靜態(tài)就生效了，這種維護起來很是不方便我們可以把它寫在外部文件如bbs_nginx.conf中

在/home/www/bbs目錄下創(chuàng)建bbs_nginx.conf文件并寫入以下代碼：

ocation /{
rewrite ^(.*)/equip(d+).html$ $1/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=$2 last;
}

然后在上面的代碼后面加上如下代碼：

include /home/www/bbs/bbs_nginx.conf;

這樣網(wǎng)站根目錄中的bbs_nginx.conf偽靜態(tài)規(guī)則，即可實現(xiàn)單獨管理。

下面是一個實例：

1. 在使用.htaccess文件的目錄下新建一個.htaccess文件，如下面一個Discuz論壇目錄：

vim /var/www/html/jb51/bbs/.htaccess

2. 在里面輸入規(guī)則，我這里輸入Discuz的偽靜態(tài)規(guī)則（這里僅增加Discuz的偽靜態(tài)規(guī)則）：

# nginx rewrite? rule
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[w-]+.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+).html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
# end nginx rewrite rule

wq保存退出。

3. 修改nginx配置文件：

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

4. 在需要添加偽靜態(tài)的虛擬主機的server{}中引入.htaccess文件：

include /var/www/html/jb51/bbs/.htaccess; （備注：把路徑改成你.htaccess文件的具體位置）

wq保存退出。

5. 重新加載nginx配置文件：

/etc/init.d/nginx reload

Nginx常用Rewrite偽靜態(tài)規(guī)則

偽靜態(tài)規(guī)則是我們做偽靜態(tài)的一個非常重的參數(shù)了，如果我們能理解得越多就可以快速的寫出最優(yōu)的偽靜態(tài)代碼了，下面給大家整理了一些例子，希望能給你有幫助。

本日志內(nèi)容來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和平日使用經(jīng)驗，整理一下方便日后參考。
正則表達式匹配，其中：

* ~ 為區(qū)分大小寫匹配
* ~* 為不區(qū)分大小寫匹配
* !~和!~*分別為區(qū)分大小寫不匹配及不區(qū)分大小寫不匹配
文件及目錄匹配，其中：
* -f和!-f用來判斷是否存在文件
* -d和!-d用來判斷是否存在目錄
* -e和!-e用來判斷是否存在文件或目錄
* -x和!-x用來判斷文件是否可執(zhí)行
flag標(biāo)記有：
* last 相當(dāng)于Apache里的[L]標(biāo)記，表示完成rewrite
* break 終止匹配, 不再匹配后面的規(guī)則
* redirect 返回302臨時重定向 地址欄會顯示跳轉(zhuǎn)后的地址
* permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址欄會顯示跳轉(zhuǎn)后的地址

一些可用的全局變量有，可以用做條件判斷(待補全)

$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query_string
$scheme
$server_protocol
$server_addr
$server_name
$server_port
$uri

結(jié)合QeePHP的例子

if (!-d $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
break;

多目錄轉(zhuǎn)成參數(shù)

abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
if ($host ~* (.*)/.domain/.com) {
set $sub_name $1;
rewrite ^/sort//(/d+)//?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
}

目錄對換

/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
rewrite ^/(/d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面設(shè)定nginx在用戶使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目錄下：
if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
}

目錄自動加“/”

if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}

禁止htaccess

location ~//.ht {
deny all;
}

禁止多個目錄

location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
deny all;
break;
}

禁止以/data開頭的文件

可以禁止/data/下多級目錄下.log.txt等請求;

location ~ ^/data {
deny all;
}

禁止單個目錄

不能禁止.log.txt能請求

location /searchword/cron/ {
deny all;
}

禁止單個文件

location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
deny all;
}

給favicon.ico和robots.txt設(shè)置過期時間;
這里為favicon.ico為99天,robots.txt為7天并不記錄404錯誤日志

location ~(favicon.ico) {
log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
break;
}
location ~(robots.txt) {
log_not_found off;
expires 7d;
break;
}

設(shè)定某個文件的過期時間;這里為600秒，并不記錄訪問日志

location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
break;
}

文件反盜鏈并設(shè)置過期時間

這里的return 412 為自定義的http狀態(tài)碼，默認為403，方便找出正確的盜鏈的請求

“rewrite ^/ //dhdzp.com/jb51.gif;”顯示一張防盜鏈圖片
“access_log off;”不記錄訪問日志，減輕壓力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的瀏覽器緩存
location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
valid_referers none blocked *.jb51.net *.jbzj.net localhost 1.1.1.1;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ //dhdzp.com/jb51.gif;
return 412;
break;
}
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 3d;
break;
}

只允許固定ip訪問網(wǎng)站，并加上密碼

root /opt/htdocs/www;
allow 208.97.167.194;
allow 222.33.1.2;
allow 231.152.49.4;
deny all;
auth_basic “C1G_ADMIN”;
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

將多級目錄下的文件轉(zhuǎn)成一個文件，增強seo效果

/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;

如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你將last改成permanent，那么瀏覽器地址欄顯是/location/shanghai/

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

上面例子有個問題是訪問/shanghai 時將不會匹配

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

這樣/shanghai 也可以訪問了，但頁面中的相對鏈接無法使用，
如./list_1.html真實地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html會變成/list_1.html,導(dǎo)至無法訪問。
那我加上自動跳轉(zhuǎn)也是不行咯

(-d $request_filename)它有個條件是必需為真實目錄，而我的rewrite不是的，所以沒有效果
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}

知道原因后就好辦了，讓我手動跳轉(zhuǎn)吧

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

文件和目錄不存在的時候重定向：

if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
}

域名跳轉(zhuǎn)

server
{
listen 80;
server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ //dhdzp.com/;
access_log off;
}

多域名轉(zhuǎn)向

server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ “c1gstudio/.net”) {
rewrite ^(.*) //dhdzp.com$1 permanent;
}

三級域名跳轉(zhuǎn)

if ($http_host ~* “^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$”) {
rewrite ^(.*) //dhdzp.com$1;
break;
}

域名鏡像

server
{
listen 80;
server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/(.*) //dhdzp.com/$1 last;
access_log off;
}

某個子目錄作鏡像

location ^~ /php {
rewrite ^.+ http://dhdzp.com/last;
break;
}

discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite

rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)/.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
rewrite ^/(space|network)/.html$ /$1.php last;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[/w/-]+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
給discuz某版塊單獨配置域名
server_name bbs.jb51.net news.jb51.net;
location = / {
if ($http_host ~ news/.jb51.net$) {
rewrite ^.+ http://news.jb51.net/forum-831-1.html last;
break;
}
}
discuz ucenter 頭像 rewrite 優(yōu)化
location ^~ /ucenter {
location ~ .*/.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location /ucenter/data/avatar {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
location ~ /(.*)_big/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_middle/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_small/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
}
expires 300;
break;
}
}
jspace rewrite
location ~ .*/.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~* ^/index.php/
{
rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

附現(xiàn)在常用cms替換

WordPress偽靜態(tài)規(guī)則：

location / {
	index index.html index.php; 
	if (-f $request_filename/index.html){ 
		rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break; 
	} 
	if (-f $request_filename/index.php){ 
		rewrite (.*) $1/index.php; 
	} 
	if (!-f $request_filename){ 
		rewrite (.*) /index.php; 
	} 
} 
rewrite /wp-admin$ $scheme://$host$uri/ permanent;

PHPCMS偽靜態(tài)規(guī)則：

location / {
###以下為PHPCMS 偽靜態(tài)化rewrite法則
rewrite ^(.*)show-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/show.php?itemid=$2&page=$3;
rewrite ^(.*)list-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/list.php?catid=$2&page=$3;
rewrite ^(.*)show-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/show.php?specialid=$2;
####以下為PHPWind 偽靜態(tài)化rewrite法則
rewrite ^(.*)-htm-(.*)$ $1.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/simple/([a-z0-9\_]+\.html)$ $1/simple/index.php?$2 last;
}

ECSHOP偽靜態(tài)規(guī)則：

if (!-e $request_filename)
{
rewrite "^/index\.html" /index.php last;
rewrite "^/category$" /index.php last;
rewrite "^/feed-c([0-9]+)\.xml$” /feed.php?cat=$1 last;
rewrite “^/feed-b([0-9]+)\.xml$” /feed.php?brand=$1 last;
rewrite “^/feed\.xml$” /feed.php last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5&page=$6&sort=$7&order=$8 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/goods-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /goods.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last;
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/article-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last;
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2 last;
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/tag-(.*)\.html” /search.php?keywords=$1 last;
rewrite “^/snatch-([0-9]+)\.html$” /snatch.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/group_buy-([0-9]+)\.html$” /group_buy.php?act=view&id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/auction-([0-9]+)\.html$” /auction.php?act=view&id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/exchange-id([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?id=$1&act=view last;
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&integral_min=$2&integral_max=$3&page=$4&sort=$5&order=$6 last;
rewrite ^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last;
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1 last;
}

SHOPEX偽靜態(tài)規(guī)則：

location / {
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/(.+\.(html|xml|json|htm|php|jsp|asp|shtml))$ /index.php?$1 last;
}
}

SaBlog 2.0：

# 只帶月份的歸檔
rewrite "^/date/([0-9]{6})/?([0-9]+)?/?$" /index.php?action=article&setdate=$1&page=$2 last;
# 無分類翻頁
rewrite ^/page/([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&page=$1 last;
# 分類
rewrite ^/category/([0-9]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&cid=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/category/([^/]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&curl=$1&page=$2 last;
# 歸檔、高級搜刮
rewrite ^/(archives|search|article|links)/?$ /index.php?action=$1 last;
# 全數(shù)批評、標(biāo)簽列表、引用列表 帶分頁
rewrite ^/(comments|tagslist|trackbacks|article)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=$1&page=$2 last;
# tags
rewrite ^/tag/([^/]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&item=$1&page=$2 last;
# 文章
rewrite ^/archives/([0-9]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=show&id=$1&page=$2 last;
# RSS rewrite ^/rss/([0-9]+)?/?$ /rss.php?cid=$1 last;
rewrite ^/rss/([^/]+)/?$ /rss.php?url=$1 last;
# 用戶 rewrite ^/uid/([0-9]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&uid=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/user/([^/]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&user=$1&page=$2 last;
# 輿圖文件
rewrite sitemap.xml sitemap.php last;
# 自界說鏈接
rewrite ^(.*)/([0-9a-zA-Z\-\_]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ $1/index.php?action=show&alias=$2&page=$3 last;

Discuz 7偽靜態(tài)規(guī)則：

rewrite ^/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ /archiver/index.php?$1 last;
rewrite ^/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /viewthread.php?tid=$1&extra=page\%3D$3&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ /space.php?$1=$2 last;
rewrite ^/tag-(.+)\.html$ /tag.php?name=$1 last;

Typecho：

location / {
index index.html index.php;
if (-f $request_filename/index.html){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
}
if (-f $request_filename/index.php){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
}
if (!-f $request_filename){
rewrite (.*) /index.php;
}
}

實例：shopex啟用偽靜態(tài)

……
??? location /
??? {
???????????? if (!-e $request_filename) {
???????????? rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?$1 last;
??? }
??? }
……

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