在本教程中，您將看到如何開始可視化并創(chuàng)建逼真的3D經(jīng)典車。 在接下來的幾個問題中，我們將從第一個阻塞階段到最終渲染的汽車建模過程。在這些教程中，我們將使用Maya來建模汽車，V-Ray的可視化和Photoshop來編輯圖像。 盡管如此，您使用的軟件實際上并不重要，因為重點將放在創(chuàng)建模型背后的原則上。

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• 語言：簡體中文
• 時間：2016-01-21

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我們將創(chuàng)建1939年的Delage D8 120 CabrioletChapron，但使用本教程作為基礎，您將能夠創(chuàng)建任何車輛。 我們也將使用多邊形。 我們將從一個簡單的框中創(chuàng)建幾何，并且會反復平滑，直到我們獲得所需的細節(jié)水平，最終得到高度詳細的模型。

In this tutorial, you will discover how tobegin to visualize and create a photorealistic 3D classic car. Over the nextfew issues, we will follow the process of modeling a car from its firstblocking stages, to the final render.During these tutorials we will use Maya forthe modeling of the car, V-Ray for its visualization and Photoshop to edit theimage. Despite this, it actually doesn't matter what software you use, as theemphasis will be on the principles behind the creation of a model.

We will create the 1939 Delage D8 120Cabriolet Chapron - but using this tutorial as a base, you will be able tocreate any vehicle. We will also work with polygons. We will create geometryfrom a simple box, and will smooth it repeatedly until we obtain the desiredlevel of detail, ultimately ending up with a highly detailed model.

Step :01 References

First, we need a photo of the car. Shots onall sides of the vehicle are obligatory, so first let's examine the properselection of references:

1. It is preferable that you have a photoof the car on all sides. We need to see the car's shape with all the details.If you don't have enough photos or you don't have a large shot with particulardetails, you need to take a pencil and draw these details in to understand theshapes.

2. It is good to know the car's sizes too:its length, width, height and wheelbase. We need it to better observe andrecreate the proportions.

3. A blueprint is not all that necessaryfor the creation of the car. Very often they are incorrect, though they canhelp during those first stages in the creation of the model, when we need tobuild the main shape quickly and correctly. If you don't have a blueprint, it'snot a problem, as photos and the car's sizes will be enough.

一、參考文獻

首先，我們需要一張汽車的照片。 首先要檢查車輛的各個方面，以便正確選擇參考文獻：

你最好有車子的所有照片。 我們需要看到汽車的形狀與所有的細節(jié)。 如果您沒有足夠的照片，或者您沒有拍攝特別細節(jié)的照片，則需要用鉛筆繪制這些細節(jié)以了解形狀。

了解汽車的尺寸也很重要：它的長度，寬度，高度和軸距。我們需要它來更好地觀察和重建比例。

汽車的制作并不是一個藍圖。 很多時候他們是錯誤的，雖然他們可以幫助在模型的創(chuàng)建的第一階段，當我們需要快速，正確地建立主要形狀。如果你沒有藍圖，這不是問題，因為有照片和汽車的尺寸就夠了。

Step 02: Problems with references

There can be many problems with referenceimages. The most common mistakes during the work with references are asfollows:

If you have a photo with the side view ofthe car, you may wish to load it into the side projection and start to create achassis with this photo. This will ultimately end up being incorrect as it willlead to distortion of the overall shape of the model. The point is that thephoto has a perspective which will cause a strong distortion. If you don't havea blueprint with a side view, it is better to simply trust your eyes.

Another problem can be caused by using photoswithout taking the camera's characteristics into account. Usually we use up tofive photos to create the accurate shape and there is potential for mistakeswhen setting the scene's camera differently to the settings of the camera thatwas used for taking the photo. If you made the references yourself, you can seethe settings of your camera by just right-clicking on the filename and choosingProperties > Details. If you don't know the settings of your photo, you needto set the camera manually. It takes time, but it helps a lot in comparing yourphoto and model.

Regardless of our approach in the creationof conditions for modeling, the chief thing is not to make the mistakesdescribed above. Of course, it is possible to create a car without any photosor blueprints, but the outcome will depend on how well your eye is developed.If you don't trust your sense of proportions or you want to be absolutely sure,you need to use some auxiliary pictures. The chief thing is not to confusephotos with blueprints and not to use them as replacements for one-another.

二、引用問題

參考圖像可能有很多問題。參考文獻中最常見的錯誤如下：

如果您有一張照片的側視圖，您可能希望將其加載到側面投影，并開始使用此照片創(chuàng)建一個機箱。這將最終不正確，因為它將導致模型的整體形狀的扭曲。關鍵是照片有一個會導致強烈扭曲的視角。如果你沒有一個側面的藍圖，最好是相信你的眼睛。

使用照片而不考慮相機的特性可能會導致另一個問題。通常我們最多可以使用五張照片來創(chuàng)建準確的形狀，并且當將場景的照相機與用于拍攝照片的相機的設置不同時，可能會出現(xiàn)錯誤。如果您自己做了參考，可以通過右鍵單擊文件名并選擇“屬性”>“詳細信息”，來查看相機的設置。如果您不了解照片的設置，則需要手動設置相機。它需要時間，但它有助于比較你的照片和模型。

不管我們在創(chuàng)造條件建模時的做法，首要的是不要犯錯誤。當然，有可能創(chuàng)建沒有任何照片或藍圖的汽車，但結果將取決于你的眼睛的發(fā)展程度。如果您不信任您的比例感，或者您想要絕對確定，則需要使用一些輔助圖片。主要的是不要將照片與藍圖混淆在一起，而不能將它們用作另一種替代品。

Step 03: Blueprints

If you load a blueprint, do it through theImage Plane and don't forget to choose Looking Through Camera in the ImagePlane Attributes.

三、藍圖

如果您加載藍圖，請通過圖像平面進行操作，不要忘記在圖像平面屬性中選擇“透視相機”。

Step 04: Blocking

As for the present model, we have only onephoto which makes our task much more interesting. The car is exclusive, sothere aren't as many photos as we'd like. But we have all that is necessary.

When working with similar cars, the chiefthing is to take the uniqueness of these cars into consideration. Multiple carmodels are frequently made on the same basis, so you can find photos orblueprints of a very similar car to work on (remember to recognize and applythe differences in detail though).

So, beginning the process of creation ofthe model, we create a simple box.

四、封鎖

至于現(xiàn)在的模式，我們只有一張照片，使我們的任務更有趣。這輛車是獨家的。

在使用類似的汽車時，主要是考慮這些車的獨特性。 多個車型經(jīng)常在同一基礎上進行，所以您可以找到一輛非常相似的車的照片或藍圖來工作（請記住盡可能地識別和應用差異）。

所以，開始創(chuàng)建模型的過程，我們創(chuàng)建一個簡單的框。

Step 05: Settings

It is important to place this box in thecenter of the interface co-ordinates. Also, this box must have the overalldimensions of the car. For example, if you know the car's length, width, andheight, you should set them as the dimensions of that box.

The next step is to divide the box exactlyin half. We need to cut exactly in the center of the co-ordinates. If the boxis displaced, you need to align it along the grid by using the snapkey X. Next,delete one half and copy the existing object with the Instance Value,reflecting the geometry. Set a value of -1 in the corresponding cell of theDuplicate Special Options, to reflect the block.

五、設置

將此框放置在界面坐標的中心很重要。 此外，這個盒子必須具有汽車的整體尺寸。 例如，如果您知道汽車的長度，寬度和高度，則應將其設置為該框的尺寸。

下一步是將框分成兩半。 我們需要在坐標的中心精確地切割。 如果框被移動，則需要使用快捷鍵X將其與柵格對齊。接下來，刪除一半，并使用實例值復制現(xiàn)有對象，反映幾何。在“重復特殊選項”的相應單元格中設置值-1，以反映該塊。

Step 06: Adding polygons

We have two halves and each is part of ourfuture car. To complicate the shape, we need to add polygons. We can do thisnow, remembering that the chief thing is to divide each edge exactly in half.

We could also have initially created a boxwith the required number of edges (the number of edges may have been differentthough).

六、添加多邊形

我們有兩半，每個都是我們未來車的一部分。 要使形狀復雜化，我們需要添加多邊形。 我們現(xiàn)在可以這樣做，記住首要的是將每個邊緣分成兩半。

我們也可以最初創(chuàng)建一個具有所需數(shù)量邊的框（盡管邊的數(shù)量可能有所不同）。

Step 07: Bending the geometry

Next, we begin to work with the shape.First, we will bend the geometry a little.

七、彎曲幾何

接下來，我們開始使用形狀。 首先，我們將彎曲幾何。

Step 08: More shapes

It is very important to understand that inthis case, the shape of the chassis will consist of three parts; a basis andtwo front fenders. So initially, we will leave a straight line on the sides andwill bend the geometry only at the center. After a simple manipulation, we cancreate the shape seen here.

八、更多的形狀

非常重要的是要了解，在這種情況下，底盤的形狀將由三部分組成：一個基礎和兩個前擋泥板。 所以最初，我們將在兩側留下一條直線，只能在中心彎曲幾何。經(jīng)過簡單的操縱，我們可以創(chuàng)造出這里所看到的形狀。

Step 09: Refining the shape

Now we can safely leave the pentagons andtriangles behind. At this stage, our goal is to give our geometry a better car shape.We delineate the chassis and fenders. To make our work easier later, we need amore precise shape. At this moment, the topology does not matter so we canleave the unmarked areas, but the edges must be aligned. At this stage, we showthe chassis' main elements. Also, we can delete the bottom completely to makeour work easier.

九、精煉形狀