# 返回 0 <= N < 100 范圍內(nèi)的隨機(jī)整數(shù)
print(random.randrange(100))
# 返回 100 <= N < 200 范圍內(nèi)的隨機(jī)整數(shù)
print(random.randrange(100, 200))
# 返回 100 <= N < 200 范圍內(nèi)的隨機(jī)整數(shù)，步長為5
print(random.randrange(100, 200, 5))

# 返回 100 <= N <= 200 范圍內(nèi)的隨機(jī)整數(shù)
print(random.randint(100, 200))

# 返回 0 <= N <= 65535（2的16次方再減去1） 范圍內(nèi)的隨機(jī)整數(shù)
print(random.getrandbits(16))

a = ['alice', 'bob', 'helen', 'jack', 'sue']
b = ('alice', 'bob', 'helen', 'jack', 'sue')
c = {'alice', 'bob', 'helen', 'jack', 'sue'}
d = {'alice': 16, 'bob': 18, 'helen': 19, 'jack': 20, 'sue': 22}
e = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
# 從列表中隨機(jī)選取一個元素
print(random.choice(a))
# 從元組中隨機(jī)選取一個元素
print(random.choice(b))
# 從字符串中隨機(jī)選取一個元素
print(random.choice(e))
# ———————————————————————————————————————————
# 不支持從集合中隨機(jī)選取，會報錯
# print(random.choice(c))
# 不支持從字典中隨機(jī)選取，會報錯，但可以使用 random.choice(list(d.items())) 的方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)
# print(random.choice(d))

import random
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape', 'watermelon']
weights = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.2, 0.2]
cum_weights = [0.1, 0.4, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0]
# 從列表中隨機(jī)選擇一個元素
chosen_fruit = random.choices(fruits)
# 選擇多個元素
chosen_fruits = random.choices(fruits, k=3)
# 按照概率從列表中隨機(jī)選擇一個元素
chosen_fruit = random.choices(fruits, weights=weights)
# 利用cum_weights參數(shù)選擇元素
chosen_fruit = random.choices(fruits, cum_weights=cum_weights)

import random
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape', 'watermelon']
chosen_fruits = random.choices(fruits, k=1000)
fruit_counts = {}
for fruit in chosen_fruits:
    if fruit in fruit_counts:
        fruit_counts[fruit] += 1
    else:
        fruit_counts[fruit] = 1
print(fruit_counts)

import random
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape', 'watermelon']
random.shuffle(fruits)  # 注意：改變的是原列表
print(fruits)  # ['orange', 'watermelon', 'grape', 'banana', 'apple']

import random
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape', 'watermelon']
# 返回一個新的隨機(jī)打亂序列, 注意：原列表是沒有改變的
print(random.sample(fruits,len(fruits)))  # ['orange', 'watermelon', 'apple', 'banana', 'grape']
print(fruits)  # ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape', 'watermelon']

import random
print(random.uniform(60, 100))

num = 3.14159
# 這種方式是進(jìn)行的四舍五入
rounded_num = round(num, 2)  # 輸出: 3.14

num = 3.14159
# 這種方式是進(jìn)行的四舍五入，注意：得到的是字符串形式的浮點(diǎn)數(shù)
formatted_num = "{:.2f}".format(num)  # 輸出: '3.14'

from decimal import Decimal, ROUND_HALF_UP
 
num = Decimal('3.14159')
context = Decimal(1) / Decimal(10) ** 2
# 這種方式是進(jìn)行的四舍五入
rounded_num = num.quantize(context, rounding=ROUND_HALF_UP)  # 輸出: Decimal('3.14')

num = 3.14159
formatted_num = f"{num:.2f}"  # 輸出: '3.14'

import secrets
# 假設(shè)我們有一個元素列表
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape', 'watermelon']
# 使用 secrets.choice 來安全地選擇列表中的一個隨機(jī)元素
secure_random_element = secrets.choice(fruits)
print(secure_random_element)

import secrets
# 生成一個安全的隨機(jī)整數(shù)，范圍在 0 <= N < 10之間
secure_int = secrets.randbelow(10)
print(f"安全隨機(jī)整數(shù)：{secure_int}")

import secrets
# 生成默認(rèn)長度（通常為32個字節(jié)）的隨機(jī)字節(jié)序列
random_token = secrets.token_bytes()
print(len(random_token))   # 輸出：32
print(random_token) # 輸出隨機(jī)字節(jié)序列：b'<\xa1\xc2\xb9k\xf4\x9e$\xd9\x03\xd5H\xb8\x1e\xe2d\xe0\x82x\xe9)\x11\xe9\x04l\xda\x95\xe3\xf0C\x88\xba'
# 生成指定長度的隨機(jī)字節(jié)序列
specified_length_token = secrets.token_bytes(16)
print(specified_length_token) # 輸出隨機(jī)字節(jié)序列：b'\xa2C\x98H\xb2\xca5\n\xb69h{\xfa\xb3n\xc5'

import secrets
# 生成默認(rèn)長度（通常為32個字符）的隨機(jī)十六進(jìn)制字符串
random_hex_token = secrets.token_hex()
print(random_hex_token)  # 53063bd5d38f7f032e146d769567254748dcbc34de37f716043a21d4b9ef0575
# 生成指定長度的隨機(jī)十六進(jìn)制字符串
specified_length_hex_token = secrets.token_hex(16)
print(specified_length_hex_token)  # bcce543dee60747639895e2fcffcfaf8

import secrets
# 生成默認(rèn)長度的隨機(jī) URL 安全字符串
random_urlsafe_token = secrets.token_urlsafe()
print(len(random_urlsafe_token))   # 輸出：43
print(random_urlsafe_token)        # 輸出：t6GrND8P32pL763R36VQIaB70jf8r_uruvSa0wgQYrY
# 生成指定長度的隨機(jī) URL 安全字符串
specified_length_urlsafe_token = secrets.token_urlsafe(16)
print(specified_length_urlsafe_token)  # 輸出：dUA2mPJbbWtB6rLj8hoC1g

import string
import random
import secrets
 
def generate_password(min_length, max_repeat, max_class_repeat, *char_credits):
    characters = [string.digits, string.ascii_uppercase, '!@#$%^&*(){}<>,?`~+-=[]', string.ascii_lowercase]
    all_characters = ''.join(characters)
 
    while True:
        # 生成每個字符類別的字符
        password = [secrets.choice(char) for char, count in zip(characters, char_credits) for _ in range(count)]
        # 添加字符以滿足最小密碼長度要求
        remaining_len = min_length - sum(char_credits)
        password += [secrets.choice(all_characters) for _ in range(remaining_len)]
        random.shuffle(password)
        if is_valid_password(min_length, password, characters, max_repeat, max_class_repeat):
            return ''.join(password)
 
 
def is_valid_password(min_length, password, characters, max_repeat, max_class_repeat):
    # 判斷是否以=開頭
    if ''.join(password).startswith("="):
        return False
    
    # 檢查字符和類別是否連續(xù)重復(fù)超過了規(guī)定次數(shù)
    repeat_count = max(password.count(char) for char in set(password))
    if repeat_count > min_length // 4:
        return False
 
    for char_class in characters:
        char_class_positions = [idx for idx, char in enumerate(password) if char in char_class]
        for idx in char_class_positions:
            if idx < len(password) - max_class_repeat:
                if all(password[idx + i] in char_class for i in range(0, max_class_repeat + 1)):
                    return False
    # 判定同一個字符的索引
    char_repeat = [char for char in set(password) if password.count(char) > max_repeat]
    char_repeat_positions = {}
    for idx, char in enumerate(password):
        if char in char_repeat:
            if char not in char_repeat_positions:
                char_repeat_positions[char] = [idx]
            else:
                char_repeat_positions[char].append(idx)
 
    # 判定相同字符是否連續(xù)
    for _, index in char_repeat_positions.items():
        for idx in index:
            if idx < len(password) - max_repeat:
                if all(password[idx + i] == password[idx] for i in range(0, max_repeat + 1)):
                    return False
    return True
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 設(shè)置密碼生成的參數(shù)
    min_length = 16
    char_credits = (3, 3, 3, 3)  # 數(shù)字、大寫字母、特殊字符、小寫字母
    # 同一個字符不能連續(xù)重復(fù)的數(shù)量
    max_repeat = 2
    # 同一類字符不能連續(xù)重復(fù)的數(shù)量
    max_class_repeat = 3
 
    # 生成和打印密碼
    for _ in range(100):
        generated_password = generate_password(min_length, max_repeat, max_class_repeat, *char_credits)
        print(generated_password)

import secrets
import string
 
# 生成安全令牌，用于密碼恢復(fù)應(yīng)用程序
security_token = ''.join(secrets.choice(string.ascii_letters + string.digits) for _ in range(16))
# 構(gòu)建臨時密保URL
temp_url = f"https://example.com/password-recovery?token={security_token}"
print("生成的臨時密保URL:", temp_url)  # 輸出：生成的臨時密保URL: https://example.com/password-recovery?token=90HOEUVFroaJIO5D