from django.urls import path
from . import views
# URL與視圖的映射列表
urlpatterns = [
    # 首頁(yè)：訪問(wèn)http://127.0.0.1:8000/myapp/ 觸發(fā)views.home視圖
    path('', views.home, name='home'),
    # 文章詳情：訪問(wèn)http://127.0.0.1:8000/myapp/article/1/ 觸發(fā)views.article_detail
    path('article/<int:pk>/', views.article_detail, name='article_detail'),
    # 分類列表：訪問(wèn)http://127.0.0.1:8000/myapp/category/tech/ 觸發(fā)views.category_articles
    path('category/<slug:slug>/', views.category_articles, name='category_articles'),
]

# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from .models import Article
def article_detail(request, pk):
    # 根據(jù)pk（文章ID）查詢文章，不存在則返回404
    article = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=pk)
    # 渲染模板并傳遞文章數(shù)據(jù)
    return render(request, 'article_detail.html', {'article': article})

# urls.py
from django.urls import re_path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    # 正則表達(dá)式：(?P<year>[0-9]{4}) 表示提取4位數(shù)字作為year參數(shù)
    re_path(r'^article/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$', views.article_archive, name='article_archive'),
]
# views.py
def article_archive(request, year, month):
    # 篩選指定年月的文章
    articles = Article.objects.filter(created_at__year=year, created_at__month=month)
    return render(request, 'article_archive.html', {'articles': articles, 'year': year, 'month': month})

from django.urls import reverse
def some_view(request):
    # 根據(jù)別名'article_detail'和參數(shù)pk=1生成URL：/myapp/article/1/
    article_url = reverse('article_detail', args=[1])
    # 重定向到該URL
    return redirect(article_url)

<!-- 模板中生成文章詳情頁(yè)鏈接 -->
<a href="{% url 'article_detail' article.pk %}" rel="external nofollow" >{{ article.title }}</a>

# blog/urls.py
app_name = 'blog'  # 定義應(yīng)用級(jí)命名空間
urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),  # 別名index
]

# project/urls.py
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
    path('blog/', include('blog.urls', namespace='blog')),  # 關(guān)聯(lián)命名空間
    path('shop/', include('shop.urls', namespace='shop')),
]

# views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
def hello(request):
    # 返回文本響應(yīng)
    return HttpResponse('Hello, Django!')

from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseNotFound
# 返回404 Not Found
def page_not_found(request):
    return HttpResponseNotFound('頁(yè)面不存在！')
# 返回204 No Content（成功但無(wú)內(nèi)容）
def success_no_content(request):
    return HttpResponse(status=204)

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from .models import Article
def article_detail(request, pk):
    # 若Article不存在（pk不存在），自動(dòng)拋出404
    article = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=pk)
    return render(request, 'article_detail.html', {'article': article})

# project/urls.py
from django.shortcuts import render
# 404頁(yè)面處理器
def handler404(request, exception):
    return render(request, '404.html', status=404)
# 500頁(yè)面處理器
def handler500(request):
    return render(request, '500.html', status=500)

import asyncio
from django.http import HttpResponse
# 異步視圖：使用async def定義
async def async_view(request):
    # 模擬IO等待（如調(diào)用外部API）
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    return HttpResponse('這是異步視圖返回的內(nèi)容！')

from django.shortcuts import render
def index(request):
    # 上下文數(shù)據(jù)：傳遞給模板的變量
    context = {'name': 'Django', 'version': '5.0'}
    # 渲染index.html模板，傳遞context
    return render(request, 'index.html', context)

from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.urls import reverse
def redirect_to_home(request):
    # 重定向到別名'home'的URL
    return redirect('home')
def redirect_to_article(request, pk):
    # 重定向到帶參數(shù)的URL
    return redirect('article_detail', pk=pk)
def redirect_to_external(request):
    # 重定向到外部鏈接
    return redirect('https://example.com')

from django.shortcuts import get_list_or_404
from .models import Article
def published_articles(request):
    # 篩選已發(fā)布的文章，無(wú)結(jié)果則返回404
    articles = get_list_or_404(Article, is_published=True)
    return render(request, 'article_list.html', {'articles': articles})

from django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods, require_GET, require_POST
# 僅允許GET和POST請(qǐng)求
@require_http_methods(['GET', 'POST'])
def create_article(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        # 顯示創(chuàng)建表單
        return render(request, 'article_form.html')
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        # 處理表單提交
        pass
# 僅允許GET請(qǐng)求
@require_GET
def article_list(request):
    pass
# 僅允許POST請(qǐng)求
@require_POST
def delete_article(request):
    pass

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
@login_required
def user_profile(request):
    # 僅登錄用戶可訪問(wèn)個(gè)人中心
    pass

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import permission_required
# 要求用戶有"修改文章"的權(quán)限
@permission_required('myapp.change_article')
def edit_article(request, pk):
    pass

from django.views.decorators.gzip import gzip_page
@gzip_page
def large_page(request):
    # 壓縮大頁(yè)面的響應(yīng)
    pass

# 獲取URL中的查詢參數(shù)：?name=Django
name = request.GET.get('name')

# 獲取表單中的email字段
email = request.POST.get('email')

# 獲取用戶瀏覽器信息
user_agent = request.META.get('HTTP_USER_AGENT')
# 獲取客戶端IP
ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')

from django.http import JsonResponse
def api_data(request):
    data = {
        'name': 'Django',
        'features': ['ORM', 'Admin', 'Templates']
    }
    return JsonResponse(data)  # 自動(dòng)設(shè)置Content-Type: application/json

from django.http import FileResponse
import os
def download_pdf(request):
    file_path = '/path/to/document.pdf'
    # 打開(kāi)文件并返回下載響應(yīng)
    response = FileResponse(open(file_path, 'rb'))
    # 設(shè)置下載文件名
    response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="document.pdf"'
    return response

# forms.py
from django import forms
class UploadFileForm(forms.Form):
    title = forms.CharField(max_length=50)  # 文件標(biāo)題
    file = forms.FileField()  # 文件上傳字段

# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from .forms import UploadFileForm
import os
def upload_file(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # 初始化表單并傳遞POST數(shù)據(jù)和文件
        form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if form.is_valid():
            title = form.cleaned_data['title']
            uploaded_file = request.FILES['file']  # 獲取上傳的文件
            # 分塊保存文件（適合大文件）
            upload_dir = 'uploads/'
            os.makedirs(upload_dir, exist_ok=True)  # 確保目錄存在
            with open(os.path.join(upload_dir, uploaded_file.name), 'wb+') as f:
                for chunk in uploaded_file.chunks():
                    f.write(chunk)
            # 上傳成功，跳轉(zhuǎn)成功頁(yè)
            return render(request, 'upload_success.html')
    else:
        # GET請(qǐng)求：顯示空表單
        form = UploadFileForm()
    return render(request, 'upload.html', {'form': form})

<!-- upload.html -->
<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}  <!-- 必須添加，防止CSRF攻擊 -->
    {{ form.as_p }}   <!-- 渲染表單字段 -->
    <button type="submit">上傳</button>
</form>