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第十三章 Perl的面向?qū)ο缶幊?/p>

by flamephoenix

package Cocoa;

#
# Put "require" statements in for all required,imported packages
#

#
# Just add code here
#

1; # terminate the package with the required 1;

sub new {
  my $this = {}; # Create an anonymous hash, and #self points to it.
  bless $this; # Connect the hash to the package Cocoa.
  return $this; # Return the reference to the hash.
}

1;

1 #!/usr/bin/perl
2 push (@INC,'pwd');
3 use Cocoa;
4 $cup = new Cocoa;

1、一定要在構(gòu)造函數(shù)中初始化變量；
2、一定要用my函數(shù)在方法中創(chuàng)建變量；
3、一定不要在方法中使用local，除非真的想把變量傳遞給其它子程序；
4、一定不要在類模塊中使用全局變量。

sub new {
  my $this = {};
  print "\n /* \n ** Created by Cocoa.pm \n ** Use at own risk";
  print "\n ** Did this code even get pass the javac compiler? ";
  print "\n **/ \n";
  bless $this;
  return $this;
}

sub new {
  my $this = {}
  bless $this;
  $this->doInitialization();
  return $this;
}

sub new {
  my $class = shift; # Get the request class name
  my $this = {};
  bless $this, $class # Use class name to bless() reference
  $this->doInitialization(); return $this;
}

Cocoa::new()

Cocoa->new()

new Cocoa

sub new {

my $type = shift;
my %parm = @_;
my $this = {};
$this->{'Name'} = $parm{'Name'};
$this->{'x'} = $parm{'x'};
$this->{'y'} = $parm{'y'};
bless $this, $type;

}

sub new {

my $type = shift;
my %parm = @_;
my $this = [];
$this->[0] = $parm{'Name'};
$this->[1] = $parm{'x'};
$this->[2] = $parm{'y'};
bless $this, $type;

}

1. sub nameLister {
2.     my $this = shift;
3.     my ($keys ,$value );
4.     while (($key, $value) = each (%$this)) {
5.         print "\t$key is $value.\n";
6.     }
7. }

package Cocoa;
require Exporter;
@ISA = qw(Exporter);
@EXPORT = qw(setImports, declareMain, closeMain);
#
# This routine creates the references for imports in Java functions
#
sub setImports{
  my $class = shift @_;
  my @names = @_;
  foreach (@names) {
    print "import " . $_ . ";\n";
  }
}
#
# This routine declares the main function in a Java script
#
sub declareMain{
  my $class = shift @_;
  my ( $name, $extends, $implements) = @_;
  print "\n public class $name";
  if ($extends) {
    print " extends " . $extends;
  }
  if ($implements) {
    print " implements " . $implements;
  }
  print " { \n";
}
#
# This routine declares the main function in a Java script
#
sub closeMain{
  print "} \n";
}
#
# This subroutine creates the header for the file.
#
sub new {
  my $this = {};
  print "\n /* \n ** Created by Cocoa.pm \n ** Use at own risk \n */ \n";
  bless $this;
  return $this;
}

1;

#!/usr/bin/perl
use Cocoa;
$cup = new Cocoa;
$cup->setImports( 'java.io.InputStream', 'java.net.*');
$cup->declareMain( "Msg" , "java.applet.Applet", "Runnable");
$cup->closeMain();

Cocoa::setImports($cup, 'java.io.InputStream', 'java.net.*');
Cocoa::declareMain($cup, "Msg" , "java.applet.Applet", "Runnable");
Cocoa::closeMain($cup);

/*
** Created by Cocoa.pm
** Use at own risk
*/
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.*;

public class Msg extends java.applet.Applet implements Runnable {
}

sub DESTROY {
#
# Add code here.
#
}

package Bean;
require Exporter;
@ISA = qw(Exporter);
@EXPORT = qw(setBeanType);

sub new {
  my $type = shift;
  my $this = {};
  $this->{'Bean'} = 'Colombian';
  bless $this, $type;
  return $this;
}

#
# This subroutine sets the class name
sub setBeanType{
  my ($class, $name) = @_;
  $class->{'Bean'} = $name;
  print "Set bean to $name \n";
}
1;

1  #
2  # The Coffee.pm file to illustrate inheritance.
3  #
4  package Coffee;
5  require Exporter;
6  require Bean;
7  @ISA = qw(Exporter, Bean);
8  @EXPORT = qw(setImports, declareMain, closeMain);
9  #
10 # set item
11 #
12 sub setCoffeeType{
13   my ($class,$name) = @_;
14   $class->{'Coffee'} = $name;
15   print "Set coffee type to $name \n";
16   }
17 #
18 # constructor
19 #
20 sub new {
21   my $type = shift;
22   my $this = Bean->new(); ##### <- LOOK HERE!!! ####
23   $this->{'Coffee'} = 'Instant'; # unless told otherwise
24   bless $this, $type;
25   return $this;
26   }
27 1;

1  #!/usr/bin/perl
2  push (@INC,'pwd');
3  use Coffee;
4  $cup = new Coffee;
5  print "\n -------------------- Initial values ------------ \n";
6  print "Coffee: $cup->{'Coffee'} \n";
7  print "Bean: $cup->{'Bean'} \n";
8  print "\n -------------------- Change Bean Type ---------- \n";
9  $cup->setBeanType('Mixed');
10 print "Bean Type is now $cup->{'Bean'} \n";
11 print "\n ------------------ Change Coffee Type ---------- \n";
12 $cup->setCoffeeType('Instant');
13 print "Type of coffee: $cup->{'Coffee'} \n";

-------------------- Initial values ------------
Coffee: Instant
Bean: Colombian
-------------------- Change Bean Type ----------
Set bean to Mixed
Bean Type is now Mixed
------------------ Change Coffee Type ----------
Set coffee type to Instant
Type of coffee: Instant

sub makeCup {
  my ($class, $cream, $sugar, $dope) = @_;
  print "\n================================== \n";
  print "Making a cup \n";
  print "Add cream \n" if ($cream);
  print "Add $sugar sugar cubes\n" if ($sugar);
  print "Making some really addictive coffee ;-) \n" if ($dope);
  print "================================== \n";
}

1  #!/usr/bin/perl
2  push (@INC,'pwd');
3  use Coffee;
4  $cup = new Coffee;
5  #
6  # With no parameters
7  #
8  print "\n Calling with no parameters: \n";
9  $cup->makeCup;
10 #
11 # With one parameter
12 #
13 print "\n Calling with one parameter: \n";
14 $cup->makeCup('1');
15 #
16 # With two parameters
17 #
18 print "\n Calling with two parameters: \n";
19 $cup->makeCup(1,'2');
20 #
21 # With all three parameters
22 #
23 print "\n Calling with three parameters: \n";
24 $cup->makeCup('1',3,'1');

Calling with no parameters:
==================================
Making a cup
==================================
Calling with one parameter:
==================================
Making a cup
Add cream
==================================
Calling with two parameters:
==================================
Making a cup
Add cream
Add 2 sugar cubes
==================================
Calling with three parameters:
==================================
Making a cup
Add cream
Add 3 sugar cubes
Making some really addictive coffee ;-)
==================================

sub printType {
  my $class = shift @_;
  print "The type of Bean is $class->{'Bean'} \n";
}

$cup->Coffee::printType();
$cup->printType();
$cup->Bean::printType();

The type of Bean is Mixed
The type of Bean is Mixed
The type of Bean is Mixed

#
# This routine prints the type of $class->{'Coffee'}
#
sub printType {
  my $class = shift @_;
  print "The type of Coffee is $class->{'Coffee'} \n";
}

The type of Coffee is Instant
The type of Coffee is Instant
The type of Bean is Mixed

The type of Bean is Mixed

1、一定要通過方法來(lái)訪問類變量。
2、一定不要從模塊外部直接訪問類變量。

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